Improving Mechanical Properties for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Poly(Lactic Acid) by Annealing and Blending with Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)
Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, polarizing microscope (POM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, strategies to close the gap on applying conventional processing optimizations for the field of 3D printing and to specifically increase th...
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doaj-6a56d5f013614718b26ca12fa86e16ce2020-11-25T01:33:10ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602019-09-01119152910.3390/polym11091529polym11091529Improving Mechanical Properties for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Poly(Lactic Acid) by Annealing and Blending with Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)Sisi Wang0Lode Daelemans1Rudinei Fiorio2Maling Gou3Dagmar R. D’hooge4Karen De Clerck5Ludwig Cardon6Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies (CPMT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Zwijnaarde, BelgiumCentre for Textiles Science and Engineering (CTSE), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Zwijnaarde, BelgiumCentre for Polymer and Material Technologies (CPMT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Zwijnaarde, BelgiumState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaCentre for Textiles Science and Engineering (CTSE), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Zwijnaarde, BelgiumCentre for Textiles Science and Engineering (CTSE), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Zwijnaarde, BelgiumCentre for Polymer and Material Technologies (CPMT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Zwijnaarde, BelgiumBased on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, polarizing microscope (POM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, strategies to close the gap on applying conventional processing optimizations for the field of 3D printing and to specifically increase the mechanical performance of extrusion-based additive manufacturing of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filaments by annealing and/or blending with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) were reported. For filament printing at 210 °C, the PLA crystallinity increased significantly upon annealing. Specifically, for 2 h of annealing at 100 °C, the fracture surface became sufficiently coarse such that the PLA notched impact strength increased significantly (15 kJ m<sup>−2</sup>). The Vicat softening temperature (VST) increased to 160 °C, starting from an annealing time of 0.5 h. Similar increases in VST were obtained by blending with PHB (20 wt.%) at a lower printing temperature of 190 °C due to crystallization control. For the blend, the strain at break increased due to the presence of a second phase, with annealing only relevant for enhancing the modulus.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/11/9/1529extrusion-based additive manufacturingpoly(lactic acid)poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)annealingnotched impact strength |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sisi Wang Lode Daelemans Rudinei Fiorio Maling Gou Dagmar R. D’hooge Karen De Clerck Ludwig Cardon |
spellingShingle |
Sisi Wang Lode Daelemans Rudinei Fiorio Maling Gou Dagmar R. D’hooge Karen De Clerck Ludwig Cardon Improving Mechanical Properties for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Poly(Lactic Acid) by Annealing and Blending with Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Polymers extrusion-based additive manufacturing poly(lactic acid) poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) annealing notched impact strength |
author_facet |
Sisi Wang Lode Daelemans Rudinei Fiorio Maling Gou Dagmar R. D’hooge Karen De Clerck Ludwig Cardon |
author_sort |
Sisi Wang |
title |
Improving Mechanical Properties for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Poly(Lactic Acid) by Annealing and Blending with Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) |
title_short |
Improving Mechanical Properties for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Poly(Lactic Acid) by Annealing and Blending with Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) |
title_full |
Improving Mechanical Properties for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Poly(Lactic Acid) by Annealing and Blending with Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) |
title_fullStr |
Improving Mechanical Properties for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Poly(Lactic Acid) by Annealing and Blending with Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Improving Mechanical Properties for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Poly(Lactic Acid) by Annealing and Blending with Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) |
title_sort |
improving mechanical properties for extrusion-based additive manufacturing of poly(lactic acid) by annealing and blending with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2019-09-01 |
description |
Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, polarizing microscope (POM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, strategies to close the gap on applying conventional processing optimizations for the field of 3D printing and to specifically increase the mechanical performance of extrusion-based additive manufacturing of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filaments by annealing and/or blending with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) were reported. For filament printing at 210 °C, the PLA crystallinity increased significantly upon annealing. Specifically, for 2 h of annealing at 100 °C, the fracture surface became sufficiently coarse such that the PLA notched impact strength increased significantly (15 kJ m<sup>−2</sup>). The Vicat softening temperature (VST) increased to 160 °C, starting from an annealing time of 0.5 h. Similar increases in VST were obtained by blending with PHB (20 wt.%) at a lower printing temperature of 190 °C due to crystallization control. For the blend, the strain at break increased due to the presence of a second phase, with annealing only relevant for enhancing the modulus. |
topic |
extrusion-based additive manufacturing poly(lactic acid) poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) annealing notched impact strength |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/11/9/1529 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1725078910159290368 |