Relationship among Agroclimatic Variables, Soil and Leaves Nutrient Status with the Yield and Main Composition of Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i> DC) Leaves Essential Oil
Previous studies revealed the impact growing location has on the quantity and quality of essential oils derived from numerous <i>Citrus</i> spp., except on the kaffir lime. This study aims to analyze the relationship shared by agroclimatic variables and soil-plant nutrient status to kaff...
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doaj-6aaa0690f9d34bfb8d009642efb3d0552021-04-22T23:04:45ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892021-04-011126026010.3390/metabo11050260Relationship among Agroclimatic Variables, Soil and Leaves Nutrient Status with the Yield and Main Composition of Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i> DC) Leaves Essential OilDarda Efendi0Rahmat Budiarto1Roedhy Poerwanto2Edi Santosa3Andria Agusta4Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Dramaga Bogor 16680, West Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor Sumedang 45363, West Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Dramaga Bogor 16680, West Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Dramaga Bogor 16680, West Java, IndonesiaResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Science, Puspitek Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Banten, IndonesiaPrevious studies revealed the impact growing location has on the quantity and quality of essential oils derived from numerous <i>Citrus</i> spp., except on the kaffir lime. This study aims to analyze the relationship shared by agroclimatic variables and soil-plant nutrient status to kaffir lime leaves essential oil yield and main composition. The experiment was conducted between February and April 2019 in four growing locations, namely Bogor (6°36′36″ S, 106°46′47″ E), West Bandung (6°48′12″ S, 107°39′16″ E), Pasuruan (7°45′5″ S, 112°40′6″ E) and Tulungagung (8°6′27″ S, 112°0′35″ E). The highest essential oil yield was obtained from Bogor (1.5%), while the lowest one was from Tulungagung (0.78%). The yield was positively and significantly correlated with the rainfall, soil organic carbon, soil pH, and macronutrient levels, i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and magnesium. Citronellal, the major component in metabolites’ profile of kaffir lime leaves essential oils, was significantly affected by the growing location. The absolute content of citronellal was positively and significantly correlated with the actual soil pH and leaf Ca content; furthermore, it negatively correlated with the leaf content of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu. Pearson correlation analysis also showed (i) a negative significant correlation between the relative percentage of citronellol and annual rainfall intensity; (ii) a negative significant correlation between altitude and relative percentage of caryophyllene, and (iii) a positive significant correlation between the relative percentage of linalool and leaf K content.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/5/260caryophyllenecitronellalcitronellollinaloolrainfallsoil organic carbon |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Darda Efendi Rahmat Budiarto Roedhy Poerwanto Edi Santosa Andria Agusta |
spellingShingle |
Darda Efendi Rahmat Budiarto Roedhy Poerwanto Edi Santosa Andria Agusta Relationship among Agroclimatic Variables, Soil and Leaves Nutrient Status with the Yield and Main Composition of Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i> DC) Leaves Essential Oil Metabolites caryophyllene citronellal citronellol linalool rainfall soil organic carbon |
author_facet |
Darda Efendi Rahmat Budiarto Roedhy Poerwanto Edi Santosa Andria Agusta |
author_sort |
Darda Efendi |
title |
Relationship among Agroclimatic Variables, Soil and Leaves Nutrient Status with the Yield and Main Composition of Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i> DC) Leaves Essential Oil |
title_short |
Relationship among Agroclimatic Variables, Soil and Leaves Nutrient Status with the Yield and Main Composition of Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i> DC) Leaves Essential Oil |
title_full |
Relationship among Agroclimatic Variables, Soil and Leaves Nutrient Status with the Yield and Main Composition of Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i> DC) Leaves Essential Oil |
title_fullStr |
Relationship among Agroclimatic Variables, Soil and Leaves Nutrient Status with the Yield and Main Composition of Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i> DC) Leaves Essential Oil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Relationship among Agroclimatic Variables, Soil and Leaves Nutrient Status with the Yield and Main Composition of Kaffir Lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i> DC) Leaves Essential Oil |
title_sort |
relationship among agroclimatic variables, soil and leaves nutrient status with the yield and main composition of kaffir lime (<i>citrus hystrix</i> dc) leaves essential oil |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Metabolites |
issn |
2218-1989 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Previous studies revealed the impact growing location has on the quantity and quality of essential oils derived from numerous <i>Citrus</i> spp., except on the kaffir lime. This study aims to analyze the relationship shared by agroclimatic variables and soil-plant nutrient status to kaffir lime leaves essential oil yield and main composition. The experiment was conducted between February and April 2019 in four growing locations, namely Bogor (6°36′36″ S, 106°46′47″ E), West Bandung (6°48′12″ S, 107°39′16″ E), Pasuruan (7°45′5″ S, 112°40′6″ E) and Tulungagung (8°6′27″ S, 112°0′35″ E). The highest essential oil yield was obtained from Bogor (1.5%), while the lowest one was from Tulungagung (0.78%). The yield was positively and significantly correlated with the rainfall, soil organic carbon, soil pH, and macronutrient levels, i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and magnesium. Citronellal, the major component in metabolites’ profile of kaffir lime leaves essential oils, was significantly affected by the growing location. The absolute content of citronellal was positively and significantly correlated with the actual soil pH and leaf Ca content; furthermore, it negatively correlated with the leaf content of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu. Pearson correlation analysis also showed (i) a negative significant correlation between the relative percentage of citronellol and annual rainfall intensity; (ii) a negative significant correlation between altitude and relative percentage of caryophyllene, and (iii) a positive significant correlation between the relative percentage of linalool and leaf K content. |
topic |
caryophyllene citronellal citronellol linalool rainfall soil organic carbon |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/5/260 |
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