The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer
<p>New particle formation (NPF) is a significant source of atmospheric particles, affecting climate and air quality. Understanding the mechanisms involved in urban aerosols is important to develop effective mitigation strategies. However, NPF rates reported in the polluted boundary layer span...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/14275/2021/acp-21-14275-2021.pdf |
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DOAJ |
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English |
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DOAJ |
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M. Xiao C. R. Hoyle C. R. Hoyle L. Dada D. Stolzenburg A. Kürten M. Wang H. Lamkaddam O. Garmash B. Mentler U. Molteni A. Baccarini M. Simon X.-C. He K. Lehtipalo K. Lehtipalo L. R. Ahonen R. Baalbaki P. S. Bauer L. Beck D. Bell F. Bianchi S. Brilke D. Chen R. Chiu A. Dias J. Duplissy J. Duplissy H. Finkenzeller H. Gordon V. Hofbauer C. Kim C. Kim T. K. Koenig T. K. Koenig J. Lampilahti C. P. Lee Z. Li H. Mai V. Makhmutov H. E. Manninen R. Marten S. Mathot R. L. Mauldin R. L. Mauldin W. Nie A. Onnela E. Partoll T. Petäjä J. Pfeifer J. Pfeifer V. Pospisilova L. L. J. Quéléver M. Rissanen M. Rissanen S. Schobesberger S. Schuchmann S. Schuchmann Y. Stozhkov C. Tauber Y. J. Tham A. Tomé M. Vazquez-Pufleau A. C. Wagner A. C. Wagner A. C. Wagner R. Wagner Y. Wang L. Weitz D. Wimmer D. Wimmer Y. Wu C. Yan P. Ye P. Ye Q. Ye Q. Zha X. Zhou A. Amorim K. Carslaw J. Curtius A. Hansel R. Volkamer R. Volkamer P. M. Winkler R. C. Flagan M. Kulmala M. Kulmala M. Kulmala M. Kulmala D. R. Worsnop D. R. Worsnop J. Kirkby J. Kirkby N. M. Donahue U. Baltensperger I. El Haddad J. Dommen |
| spellingShingle |
M. Xiao C. R. Hoyle C. R. Hoyle L. Dada D. Stolzenburg A. Kürten M. Wang H. Lamkaddam O. Garmash B. Mentler U. Molteni A. Baccarini M. Simon X.-C. He K. Lehtipalo K. Lehtipalo L. R. Ahonen R. Baalbaki P. S. Bauer L. Beck D. Bell F. Bianchi S. Brilke D. Chen R. Chiu A. Dias J. Duplissy J. Duplissy H. Finkenzeller H. Gordon V. Hofbauer C. Kim C. Kim T. K. Koenig T. K. Koenig J. Lampilahti C. P. Lee Z. Li H. Mai V. Makhmutov H. E. Manninen R. Marten S. Mathot R. L. Mauldin R. L. Mauldin W. Nie A. Onnela E. Partoll T. Petäjä J. Pfeifer J. Pfeifer V. Pospisilova L. L. J. Quéléver M. Rissanen M. Rissanen S. Schobesberger S. Schuchmann S. Schuchmann Y. Stozhkov C. Tauber Y. J. Tham A. Tomé M. Vazquez-Pufleau A. C. Wagner A. C. Wagner A. C. Wagner R. Wagner Y. Wang L. Weitz D. Wimmer D. Wimmer Y. Wu C. Yan P. Ye P. Ye Q. Ye Q. Zha X. Zhou A. Amorim K. Carslaw J. Curtius A. Hansel R. Volkamer R. Volkamer P. M. Winkler R. C. Flagan M. Kulmala M. Kulmala M. Kulmala M. Kulmala D. R. Worsnop D. R. Worsnop J. Kirkby J. Kirkby N. M. Donahue U. Baltensperger I. El Haddad J. Dommen The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| author_facet |
M. Xiao C. R. Hoyle C. R. Hoyle L. Dada D. Stolzenburg A. Kürten M. Wang H. Lamkaddam O. Garmash B. Mentler U. Molteni A. Baccarini M. Simon X.-C. He K. Lehtipalo K. Lehtipalo L. R. Ahonen R. Baalbaki P. S. Bauer L. Beck D. Bell F. Bianchi S. Brilke D. Chen R. Chiu A. Dias J. Duplissy J. Duplissy H. Finkenzeller H. Gordon V. Hofbauer C. Kim C. Kim T. K. Koenig T. K. Koenig J. Lampilahti C. P. Lee Z. Li H. Mai V. Makhmutov H. E. Manninen R. Marten S. Mathot R. L. Mauldin R. L. Mauldin W. Nie A. Onnela E. Partoll T. Petäjä J. Pfeifer J. Pfeifer V. Pospisilova L. L. J. Quéléver M. Rissanen M. Rissanen S. Schobesberger S. Schuchmann S. Schuchmann Y. Stozhkov C. Tauber Y. J. Tham A. Tomé M. Vazquez-Pufleau A. C. Wagner A. C. Wagner A. C. Wagner R. Wagner Y. Wang L. Weitz D. Wimmer D. Wimmer Y. Wu C. Yan P. Ye P. Ye Q. Ye Q. Zha X. Zhou A. Amorim K. Carslaw J. Curtius A. Hansel R. Volkamer R. Volkamer P. M. Winkler R. C. Flagan M. Kulmala M. Kulmala M. Kulmala M. Kulmala D. R. Worsnop D. R. Worsnop J. Kirkby J. Kirkby N. M. Donahue U. Baltensperger I. El Haddad J. Dommen |
| author_sort |
M. Xiao |
| title |
The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer |
| title_short |
The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer |
| title_full |
The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer |
| title_fullStr |
The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer |
| title_sort |
driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer |
| publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
| series |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| issn |
1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
| description |
<p>New particle formation (NPF) is a significant source of atmospheric
particles, affecting climate and air quality. Understanding the mechanisms
involved in urban aerosols is important to develop effective mitigation
strategies. However, NPF rates reported in the polluted boundary layer span
more than 4 orders of magnitude, and the reasons behind this variability are the subject of intense scientific debate. Multiple atmospheric vapours have been
postulated to participate in NPF, including sulfuric acid, ammonia, amines
and organics, but their relative roles remain unclear. We investigated NPF
in the CLOUD chamber using mixtures of anthropogenic vapours that simulate
polluted boundary layer conditions. We demonstrate that NPF in polluted
environments is largely driven by the formation of sulfuric acid–base
clusters, stabilized by the presence of amines, high ammonia concentrations
and lower temperatures. Aromatic oxidation products, despite their extremely
low volatility, play a minor role in NPF in the chosen urban environment but
can be important for particle growth and hence for the survival of newly
formed particles. Our measurements quantitatively account for NPF in highly
diverse urban environments and explain its large observed variability. Such
quantitative information obtained under controlled laboratory conditions
will help the interpretation of future ambient observations of NPF rates in
polluted atmospheres.</p> |
| url |
https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/14275/2021/acp-21-14275-2021.pdf |
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doaj-6aac995a628d449aa6612bfaf88c7f062021-09-27T10:57:08ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242021-09-0121142751429110.5194/acp-21-14275-2021The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layerM. Xiao0C. R. Hoyle1C. R. Hoyle2L. Dada3D. Stolzenburg4A. Kürten5M. Wang6H. Lamkaddam7O. Garmash8B. Mentler9U. Molteni10A. Baccarini11M. Simon12X.-C. He13K. Lehtipalo14K. Lehtipalo15L. R. Ahonen16R. Baalbaki17P. S. Bauer18L. Beck19D. Bell20F. Bianchi21S. Brilke22D. Chen23R. Chiu24A. Dias25J. Duplissy26J. Duplissy27H. Finkenzeller28H. Gordon29V. Hofbauer30C. Kim31C. Kim32T. K. Koenig33T. K. Koenig34J. Lampilahti35C. P. Lee36Z. Li37H. Mai38V. Makhmutov39H. E. Manninen40R. Marten41S. Mathot42R. L. Mauldin43R. L. Mauldin44W. Nie45A. Onnela46E. Partoll47T. Petäjä48J. Pfeifer49J. Pfeifer50V. Pospisilova51L. L. J. Quéléver52M. Rissanen53M. Rissanen54S. Schobesberger55S. Schuchmann56S. Schuchmann57Y. Stozhkov58C. Tauber59Y. J. Tham60A. Tomé61M. Vazquez-Pufleau62A. C. Wagner63A. C. Wagner64A. C. Wagner65R. Wagner66Y. Wang67L. Weitz68D. Wimmer69D. Wimmer70Y. Wu71C. Yan72P. Ye73P. Ye74Q. Ye75Q. Zha76X. Zhou77A. Amorim78K. Carslaw79J. Curtius80A. Hansel81R. Volkamer82R. Volkamer83P. M. Winkler84R. C. Flagan85M. Kulmala86M. Kulmala87M. Kulmala88M. Kulmala89D. R. Worsnop90D. R. Worsnop91J. Kirkby92J. Kirkby93N. M. Donahue94U. Baltensperger95I. El Haddad96J. Dommen97Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandLaboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandFaculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaInstitute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyCenter for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USALaboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaLaboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandLaboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandAtmospheric Composition Research Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandFaculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandLaboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandFaculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaCenter for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USADepartment of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USACENTRA and FCUL, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, PortugalInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USACenter for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USACenter for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USADivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USASchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 46241 Busan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USAnow at: College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, ChinaInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandLaboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandDepartment of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, FinlandDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USASolar and Cosmic Ray Physics Laboratory, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian FederationCERN, 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandLaboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandCERN, 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandDepartment of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USADepartment of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USAJoint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, ChinaCERN, 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandInstitute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyCERN, 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandLaboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finlandnow at: Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, FinlandDepartment of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, FinlandCERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerlandnow at: Experimentelle Teilchen- und Astroteilchenphysik, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, GermanySolar and Cosmic Ray Physics Laboratory, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian FederationFaculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandIDL-Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, PortugalFaculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaInstitute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyDepartment of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USAnow at: Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305, USAInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandFaculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandCenter for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USAAerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821-3976, USACenter for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USAInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyCENTRA and FCUL, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, PortugalSchool of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, United KingdomInstitute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyInstitute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USADepartment of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USAFaculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandJoint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, ChinaAerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, ChinaInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandAerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821-3976, USAInstitute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyCERN, 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandCenter for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USALaboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandLaboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandLaboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland<p>New particle formation (NPF) is a significant source of atmospheric particles, affecting climate and air quality. Understanding the mechanisms involved in urban aerosols is important to develop effective mitigation strategies. However, NPF rates reported in the polluted boundary layer span more than 4 orders of magnitude, and the reasons behind this variability are the subject of intense scientific debate. Multiple atmospheric vapours have been postulated to participate in NPF, including sulfuric acid, ammonia, amines and organics, but their relative roles remain unclear. We investigated NPF in the CLOUD chamber using mixtures of anthropogenic vapours that simulate polluted boundary layer conditions. We demonstrate that NPF in polluted environments is largely driven by the formation of sulfuric acid–base clusters, stabilized by the presence of amines, high ammonia concentrations and lower temperatures. Aromatic oxidation products, despite their extremely low volatility, play a minor role in NPF in the chosen urban environment but can be important for particle growth and hence for the survival of newly formed particles. Our measurements quantitatively account for NPF in highly diverse urban environments and explain its large observed variability. Such quantitative information obtained under controlled laboratory conditions will help the interpretation of future ambient observations of NPF rates in polluted atmospheres.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/14275/2021/acp-21-14275-2021.pdf |