Comparison of Modern Highly Interactive Flicker-Free Steady State Motion Visual Evoked Potentials for Practical Brain–Computer Interfaces
Motion-based visual evoked potentials (mVEP) is a new emerging trend in the field of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP)-based brain–computer interfaces (BCI). In this paper, we introduce different movement-based stimulus patterns (steady-state motion visual evoked potentials—SSMVEP), with...
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doaj-6aaef470c33e4b29876a2352c223017f2020-11-25T03:31:09ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252020-09-011068668610.3390/brainsci10100686Comparison of Modern Highly Interactive Flicker-Free Steady State Motion Visual Evoked Potentials for Practical Brain–Computer InterfacesPiotr Stawicki0Ivan Volosyak1Faculty of Technology and Bionics, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, 47533 Kleve, GermanyFaculty of Technology and Bionics, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, 47533 Kleve, GermanyMotion-based visual evoked potentials (mVEP) is a new emerging trend in the field of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP)-based brain–computer interfaces (BCI). In this paper, we introduce different movement-based stimulus patterns (steady-state motion visual evoked potentials—SSMVEP), without employing the typical flickering. The tested movement patterns for the visual stimuli included a pendulum-like movement, a flipping illusion, a checkerboard pulsation, checkerboard inverse arc pulsations, and reverse arc rotations, all with a spelling task consisting of 18 trials. In an online experiment with nine participants, the movement-based BCI systems were evaluated with an online four-target BCI-speller, in which each letter may be selected in three steps (three trials). For classification, the minimum energy combination and a filter bank approach were used. The following frequencies were utilized: 7.06 Hz, 7.50 Hz, 8.00 Hz, and 8.57 Hz, reaching an average accuracy between 97.22% and 100% and an average information transfer rate (ITR) between 15.42 bits/min and 33.92 bits/min. All participants successfully used the SSMVEP-based speller with all types of stimulation pattern. The most successful SSMVEP stimulus was the SSMVEP1 (pendulum-like movement), with the average results reaching 100% accuracy and 33.92 bits/min for the ITR.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/10/686brain–computer interface (BCI)steady-state motion visual evoked potentials (SSMVEP)steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP)flicker-free steady-state motion visual evoked potentials (FFSSMVEP)motion visual evoked potentials (mVEP) |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Piotr Stawicki Ivan Volosyak |
spellingShingle |
Piotr Stawicki Ivan Volosyak Comparison of Modern Highly Interactive Flicker-Free Steady State Motion Visual Evoked Potentials for Practical Brain–Computer Interfaces Brain Sciences brain–computer interface (BCI) steady-state motion visual evoked potentials (SSMVEP) steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) flicker-free steady-state motion visual evoked potentials (FFSSMVEP) motion visual evoked potentials (mVEP) |
author_facet |
Piotr Stawicki Ivan Volosyak |
author_sort |
Piotr Stawicki |
title |
Comparison of Modern Highly Interactive Flicker-Free Steady State Motion Visual Evoked Potentials for Practical Brain–Computer Interfaces |
title_short |
Comparison of Modern Highly Interactive Flicker-Free Steady State Motion Visual Evoked Potentials for Practical Brain–Computer Interfaces |
title_full |
Comparison of Modern Highly Interactive Flicker-Free Steady State Motion Visual Evoked Potentials for Practical Brain–Computer Interfaces |
title_fullStr |
Comparison of Modern Highly Interactive Flicker-Free Steady State Motion Visual Evoked Potentials for Practical Brain–Computer Interfaces |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comparison of Modern Highly Interactive Flicker-Free Steady State Motion Visual Evoked Potentials for Practical Brain–Computer Interfaces |
title_sort |
comparison of modern highly interactive flicker-free steady state motion visual evoked potentials for practical brain–computer interfaces |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Brain Sciences |
issn |
2076-3425 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
Motion-based visual evoked potentials (mVEP) is a new emerging trend in the field of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP)-based brain–computer interfaces (BCI). In this paper, we introduce different movement-based stimulus patterns (steady-state motion visual evoked potentials—SSMVEP), without employing the typical flickering. The tested movement patterns for the visual stimuli included a pendulum-like movement, a flipping illusion, a checkerboard pulsation, checkerboard inverse arc pulsations, and reverse arc rotations, all with a spelling task consisting of 18 trials. In an online experiment with nine participants, the movement-based BCI systems were evaluated with an online four-target BCI-speller, in which each letter may be selected in three steps (three trials). For classification, the minimum energy combination and a filter bank approach were used. The following frequencies were utilized: 7.06 Hz, 7.50 Hz, 8.00 Hz, and 8.57 Hz, reaching an average accuracy between 97.22% and 100% and an average information transfer rate (ITR) between 15.42 bits/min and 33.92 bits/min. All participants successfully used the SSMVEP-based speller with all types of stimulation pattern. The most successful SSMVEP stimulus was the SSMVEP1 (pendulum-like movement), with the average results reaching 100% accuracy and 33.92 bits/min for the ITR. |
topic |
brain–computer interface (BCI) steady-state motion visual evoked potentials (SSMVEP) steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) flicker-free steady-state motion visual evoked potentials (FFSSMVEP) motion visual evoked potentials (mVEP) |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/10/686 |
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