Prevalence of submicroscopic malaria infection in immigrants living in Spain
Abstract Background The importance of submicroscopic malaria infections in high-transmission areas could contribute to maintain the parasite cycle. Regarding non-endemic areas, its importance remains barely understood because parasitaemia in these afebrile patients is usually below the detection lim...
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doaj-6ade980eb5ab49b79b1da3101d9316a62020-11-25T03:51:41ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752019-07-011811910.1186/s12936-019-2870-3Prevalence of submicroscopic malaria infection in immigrants living in SpainIsabel Fradejas0José Miguel Rubio1Ariadna Martín-Díaz2Juan María Herrero-Martínez3José Manuel Ruiz-Giardin4Gerardo Rojo-Marcos5María Velasco6María Calderón-Moreno7José Manuel Azcona-Gutierrez8Francisco Jesús Merino9Belén Andrés Olmo10María Espinosa11María Cuadrado12Esther González-Monte13Jerónimo Jaqueti14Juan Cuadros15Carolina Campelo16Alberto Delgado-Iribarren17Pablo Martín-Rabadán18Concepción García-García19María Ángeles Martín-Laso20Beatriz Valle-Borrego21María Coral García22Manuel Lizasoaín23Ana Pérez-Ayala24Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de OctubreNational Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de OctubreInternal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de OctubreHospital Universitario de FuenlabradaHospital Príncipe de AsturiasHospital Universitario Fundación de AlcorcónHospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónHospital de San PedroHospital Severo OchoaHospital Universitario de GetafeInternal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de OctubreEmergency Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de OctubreNephrology and Renal Transplant Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de OctubreHospital Universitario de FuenlabradaHospital Príncipe de AsturiasHospital Universitario Fundación de AlcorcónHospital Universitario Fundación de AlcorcónHospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónHospital de San PedroHospital Severo OchoaHospital Universitario de GetafeHospital Universitario de GetafeInfectious Diseases Service Hospital Universitario 12 de OctubreDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de OctubreAbstract Background The importance of submicroscopic malaria infections in high-transmission areas could contribute to maintain the parasite cycle. Regarding non-endemic areas, its importance remains barely understood because parasitaemia in these afebrile patients is usually below the detection limits for microscopy, hence molecular techniques are often needed for its diagnosis. In addition to this, the lack of standardized protocols for the screening of submicroscopic malaria in immigrants from endemic areas may underestimate the infection with Plasmodium spp. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of submicroscopic malaria in afebrile immigrants living in a non-endemic area. Methods A prospective, observational, multicentre study was conducted. Afebrile immigrants were included, microscopic observation of Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood smears, and two different molecular techniques detecting Plasmodium spp. were performed. Patients with submicroscopic malaria were defined as patients with negative blood smears and detection of DNA of Plasmodium spp. with one or both molecular techniques. Demographic, clinical, analytical and microbiological features were recorded and univariate analysis by subgroups was carried out with STATA v15. Results A total of 244 afebrile immigrants were included in the study. Of them, 14 had a submicroscopic malaria infection, yielding a prevalence of 5.7% (95% confidence interval 3.45–9.40). In 71.4% of the positive PCR/negative microscopy cases, Plasmodium falciparum alone was the main detected species (10 out of the 14 patients) and in 4 cases (28.6%) Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale were detected. One patient had a mixed infection including three different species. Conclusions The prevalence of submicroscopic malaria in afebrile immigrants was similar to that previously described in Spain. Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale were detected in almost a third of the submicroscopic infections. Screening protocols for afebrile immigrants with molecular techniques could be useful for a proper management of these patients.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2870-3PlasmodiumAfebrile malariaSubmicroscopic parasitaemiaImmigrantTropical medicine |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Isabel Fradejas José Miguel Rubio Ariadna Martín-Díaz Juan María Herrero-Martínez José Manuel Ruiz-Giardin Gerardo Rojo-Marcos María Velasco María Calderón-Moreno José Manuel Azcona-Gutierrez Francisco Jesús Merino Belén Andrés Olmo María Espinosa María Cuadrado Esther González-Monte Jerónimo Jaqueti Juan Cuadros Carolina Campelo Alberto Delgado-Iribarren Pablo Martín-Rabadán Concepción García-García María Ángeles Martín-Laso Beatriz Valle-Borrego María Coral García Manuel Lizasoaín Ana Pérez-Ayala |
spellingShingle |
Isabel Fradejas José Miguel Rubio Ariadna Martín-Díaz Juan María Herrero-Martínez José Manuel Ruiz-Giardin Gerardo Rojo-Marcos María Velasco María Calderón-Moreno José Manuel Azcona-Gutierrez Francisco Jesús Merino Belén Andrés Olmo María Espinosa María Cuadrado Esther González-Monte Jerónimo Jaqueti Juan Cuadros Carolina Campelo Alberto Delgado-Iribarren Pablo Martín-Rabadán Concepción García-García María Ángeles Martín-Laso Beatriz Valle-Borrego María Coral García Manuel Lizasoaín Ana Pérez-Ayala Prevalence of submicroscopic malaria infection in immigrants living in Spain Malaria Journal Plasmodium Afebrile malaria Submicroscopic parasitaemia Immigrant Tropical medicine |
author_facet |
Isabel Fradejas José Miguel Rubio Ariadna Martín-Díaz Juan María Herrero-Martínez José Manuel Ruiz-Giardin Gerardo Rojo-Marcos María Velasco María Calderón-Moreno José Manuel Azcona-Gutierrez Francisco Jesús Merino Belén Andrés Olmo María Espinosa María Cuadrado Esther González-Monte Jerónimo Jaqueti Juan Cuadros Carolina Campelo Alberto Delgado-Iribarren Pablo Martín-Rabadán Concepción García-García María Ángeles Martín-Laso Beatriz Valle-Borrego María Coral García Manuel Lizasoaín Ana Pérez-Ayala |
author_sort |
Isabel Fradejas |
title |
Prevalence of submicroscopic malaria infection in immigrants living in Spain |
title_short |
Prevalence of submicroscopic malaria infection in immigrants living in Spain |
title_full |
Prevalence of submicroscopic malaria infection in immigrants living in Spain |
title_fullStr |
Prevalence of submicroscopic malaria infection in immigrants living in Spain |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prevalence of submicroscopic malaria infection in immigrants living in Spain |
title_sort |
prevalence of submicroscopic malaria infection in immigrants living in spain |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Malaria Journal |
issn |
1475-2875 |
publishDate |
2019-07-01 |
description |
Abstract Background The importance of submicroscopic malaria infections in high-transmission areas could contribute to maintain the parasite cycle. Regarding non-endemic areas, its importance remains barely understood because parasitaemia in these afebrile patients is usually below the detection limits for microscopy, hence molecular techniques are often needed for its diagnosis. In addition to this, the lack of standardized protocols for the screening of submicroscopic malaria in immigrants from endemic areas may underestimate the infection with Plasmodium spp. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of submicroscopic malaria in afebrile immigrants living in a non-endemic area. Methods A prospective, observational, multicentre study was conducted. Afebrile immigrants were included, microscopic observation of Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood smears, and two different molecular techniques detecting Plasmodium spp. were performed. Patients with submicroscopic malaria were defined as patients with negative blood smears and detection of DNA of Plasmodium spp. with one or both molecular techniques. Demographic, clinical, analytical and microbiological features were recorded and univariate analysis by subgroups was carried out with STATA v15. Results A total of 244 afebrile immigrants were included in the study. Of them, 14 had a submicroscopic malaria infection, yielding a prevalence of 5.7% (95% confidence interval 3.45–9.40). In 71.4% of the positive PCR/negative microscopy cases, Plasmodium falciparum alone was the main detected species (10 out of the 14 patients) and in 4 cases (28.6%) Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale were detected. One patient had a mixed infection including three different species. Conclusions The prevalence of submicroscopic malaria in afebrile immigrants was similar to that previously described in Spain. Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale were detected in almost a third of the submicroscopic infections. Screening protocols for afebrile immigrants with molecular techniques could be useful for a proper management of these patients. |
topic |
Plasmodium Afebrile malaria Submicroscopic parasitaemia Immigrant Tropical medicine |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2870-3 |
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