Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Adhesive

In this study, a further investigation was carried out on the synthesis mechanism, optimal manufacturing conditions, and curing behavior of a sucrose-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (SADP) adhesive. The results of <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed that...

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Main Authors: Zhongyuan Zhao, Shunsuke Sakai, Di Wu, Zhen Chen, Nan Zhu, Chengsheng Gui, Min Zhang, Kenji Umemura, Qiang Yong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-01-01
Series:Polymers
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/1/216
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spelling doaj-6b52020281984dc480da1d37fa25aff32020-11-25T02:13:02ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-01-0112121610.3390/polym12010216polym12010216Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate AdhesiveZhongyuan Zhao0Shunsuke Sakai1Di Wu2Zhen Chen3Nan Zhu4Chengsheng Gui5Min Zhang6Kenji Umemura7Qiang Yong8College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaLaboratory of Sustainable Materials, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, JapanCollege of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, ChinaJiangsu Center of Supervision &amp; Testing on Green Degradable Material Quality, Nanjing 210019, ChinaZhejiang Shenghua Yunfeng Greeneo Co., Ltd., Deqing 313000, ChinaLaboratory of Sustainable Materials, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, JapanLaboratory of Sustainable Materials, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, JapanCollege of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaIn this study, a further investigation was carried out on the synthesis mechanism, optimal manufacturing conditions, and curing behavior of a sucrose-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (SADP) adhesive. The results of <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed that SADP was composed of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), deoxyfructosazine (DOF), amino compounds, Schiff base, monosaccharides, and oligosaccharide. The optimal hot-pressing conditions were a hot-pressing temperature of 170 &#176;C, a hot-pressing time of 7 min, and a spread rate of 120 g/m<sup>2</sup>. The wet shear strength of plywood bonded at optimal manufacturing conditions met the requirements of China National Standard (GB/T 9846-2015). Thermal analysis and insoluble mass proportion measurements showed that the main curing behavior of the SADP adhesive occurred at curing temperatures higher than 145 &#176;C, and more than 50% insoluble mass was formed when the heating time was longer than 5 min. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that cross-linking of the cured adhesive was promoted by prolonging the heating time. In addition, pyrolysis gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) confirmed that the cured SADP adhesive was composed of furan and nitrogen-containing compounds.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/1/216eco-friendly adhesivesucroseammonium dihydrogen phosphateplywood
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Zhongyuan Zhao
Shunsuke Sakai
Di Wu
Zhen Chen
Nan Zhu
Chengsheng Gui
Min Zhang
Kenji Umemura
Qiang Yong
spellingShingle Zhongyuan Zhao
Shunsuke Sakai
Di Wu
Zhen Chen
Nan Zhu
Chengsheng Gui
Min Zhang
Kenji Umemura
Qiang Yong
Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Adhesive
Polymers
eco-friendly adhesive
sucrose
ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
plywood
author_facet Zhongyuan Zhao
Shunsuke Sakai
Di Wu
Zhen Chen
Nan Zhu
Chengsheng Gui
Min Zhang
Kenji Umemura
Qiang Yong
author_sort Zhongyuan Zhao
title Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Adhesive
title_short Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Adhesive
title_full Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Adhesive
title_fullStr Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Adhesive
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Adhesive
title_sort investigation of synthesis mechanism, optimal hot-pressing conditions, and curing behavior of sucrose and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate adhesive
publisher MDPI AG
series Polymers
issn 2073-4360
publishDate 2020-01-01
description In this study, a further investigation was carried out on the synthesis mechanism, optimal manufacturing conditions, and curing behavior of a sucrose-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (SADP) adhesive. The results of <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed that SADP was composed of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), deoxyfructosazine (DOF), amino compounds, Schiff base, monosaccharides, and oligosaccharide. The optimal hot-pressing conditions were a hot-pressing temperature of 170 &#176;C, a hot-pressing time of 7 min, and a spread rate of 120 g/m<sup>2</sup>. The wet shear strength of plywood bonded at optimal manufacturing conditions met the requirements of China National Standard (GB/T 9846-2015). Thermal analysis and insoluble mass proportion measurements showed that the main curing behavior of the SADP adhesive occurred at curing temperatures higher than 145 &#176;C, and more than 50% insoluble mass was formed when the heating time was longer than 5 min. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that cross-linking of the cured adhesive was promoted by prolonging the heating time. In addition, pyrolysis gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) confirmed that the cured SADP adhesive was composed of furan and nitrogen-containing compounds.
topic eco-friendly adhesive
sucrose
ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
plywood
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/1/216
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