Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Adhesive
In this study, a further investigation was carried out on the synthesis mechanism, optimal manufacturing conditions, and curing behavior of a sucrose-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (SADP) adhesive. The results of <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed that...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-01-01
|
Series: | Polymers |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/1/216 |
id |
doaj-6b52020281984dc480da1d37fa25aff3 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-6b52020281984dc480da1d37fa25aff32020-11-25T02:13:02ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-01-0112121610.3390/polym12010216polym12010216Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate AdhesiveZhongyuan Zhao0Shunsuke Sakai1Di Wu2Zhen Chen3Nan Zhu4Chengsheng Gui5Min Zhang6Kenji Umemura7Qiang Yong8College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaLaboratory of Sustainable Materials, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, JapanCollege of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, ChinaJiangsu Center of Supervision & Testing on Green Degradable Material Quality, Nanjing 210019, ChinaZhejiang Shenghua Yunfeng Greeneo Co., Ltd., Deqing 313000, ChinaLaboratory of Sustainable Materials, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, JapanLaboratory of Sustainable Materials, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, JapanCollege of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaIn this study, a further investigation was carried out on the synthesis mechanism, optimal manufacturing conditions, and curing behavior of a sucrose-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (SADP) adhesive. The results of <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed that SADP was composed of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), deoxyfructosazine (DOF), amino compounds, Schiff base, monosaccharides, and oligosaccharide. The optimal hot-pressing conditions were a hot-pressing temperature of 170 °C, a hot-pressing time of 7 min, and a spread rate of 120 g/m<sup>2</sup>. The wet shear strength of plywood bonded at optimal manufacturing conditions met the requirements of China National Standard (GB/T 9846-2015). Thermal analysis and insoluble mass proportion measurements showed that the main curing behavior of the SADP adhesive occurred at curing temperatures higher than 145 °C, and more than 50% insoluble mass was formed when the heating time was longer than 5 min. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that cross-linking of the cured adhesive was promoted by prolonging the heating time. In addition, pyrolysis gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) confirmed that the cured SADP adhesive was composed of furan and nitrogen-containing compounds.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/1/216eco-friendly adhesivesucroseammonium dihydrogen phosphateplywood |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Zhongyuan Zhao Shunsuke Sakai Di Wu Zhen Chen Nan Zhu Chengsheng Gui Min Zhang Kenji Umemura Qiang Yong |
spellingShingle |
Zhongyuan Zhao Shunsuke Sakai Di Wu Zhen Chen Nan Zhu Chengsheng Gui Min Zhang Kenji Umemura Qiang Yong Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Adhesive Polymers eco-friendly adhesive sucrose ammonium dihydrogen phosphate plywood |
author_facet |
Zhongyuan Zhao Shunsuke Sakai Di Wu Zhen Chen Nan Zhu Chengsheng Gui Min Zhang Kenji Umemura Qiang Yong |
author_sort |
Zhongyuan Zhao |
title |
Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Adhesive |
title_short |
Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Adhesive |
title_full |
Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Adhesive |
title_fullStr |
Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Adhesive |
title_full_unstemmed |
Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Adhesive |
title_sort |
investigation of synthesis mechanism, optimal hot-pressing conditions, and curing behavior of sucrose and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate adhesive |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
In this study, a further investigation was carried out on the synthesis mechanism, optimal manufacturing conditions, and curing behavior of a sucrose-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (SADP) adhesive. The results of <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed that SADP was composed of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), deoxyfructosazine (DOF), amino compounds, Schiff base, monosaccharides, and oligosaccharide. The optimal hot-pressing conditions were a hot-pressing temperature of 170 °C, a hot-pressing time of 7 min, and a spread rate of 120 g/m<sup>2</sup>. The wet shear strength of plywood bonded at optimal manufacturing conditions met the requirements of China National Standard (GB/T 9846-2015). Thermal analysis and insoluble mass proportion measurements showed that the main curing behavior of the SADP adhesive occurred at curing temperatures higher than 145 °C, and more than 50% insoluble mass was formed when the heating time was longer than 5 min. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that cross-linking of the cured adhesive was promoted by prolonging the heating time. In addition, pyrolysis gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) confirmed that the cured SADP adhesive was composed of furan and nitrogen-containing compounds. |
topic |
eco-friendly adhesive sucrose ammonium dihydrogen phosphate plywood |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/1/216 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT zhongyuanzhao investigationofsynthesismechanismoptimalhotpressingconditionsandcuringbehaviorofsucroseandammoniumdihydrogenphosphateadhesive AT shunsukesakai investigationofsynthesismechanismoptimalhotpressingconditionsandcuringbehaviorofsucroseandammoniumdihydrogenphosphateadhesive AT diwu investigationofsynthesismechanismoptimalhotpressingconditionsandcuringbehaviorofsucroseandammoniumdihydrogenphosphateadhesive AT zhenchen investigationofsynthesismechanismoptimalhotpressingconditionsandcuringbehaviorofsucroseandammoniumdihydrogenphosphateadhesive AT nanzhu investigationofsynthesismechanismoptimalhotpressingconditionsandcuringbehaviorofsucroseandammoniumdihydrogenphosphateadhesive AT chengshenggui investigationofsynthesismechanismoptimalhotpressingconditionsandcuringbehaviorofsucroseandammoniumdihydrogenphosphateadhesive AT minzhang investigationofsynthesismechanismoptimalhotpressingconditionsandcuringbehaviorofsucroseandammoniumdihydrogenphosphateadhesive AT kenjiumemura investigationofsynthesismechanismoptimalhotpressingconditionsandcuringbehaviorofsucroseandammoniumdihydrogenphosphateadhesive AT qiangyong investigationofsynthesismechanismoptimalhotpressingconditionsandcuringbehaviorofsucroseandammoniumdihydrogenphosphateadhesive |
_version_ |
1724906768469852160 |