Assessing Substances Abuse-Induced Mortality Rates by Autopsy Method in Iran
Background: Substance abuse is among the main causes of preventable diseases and premature deaths worldwide. Despite legal efforts to prevent substance abuse, it has increased and imposed significant economic costs on societies. This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to explore the ra...
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Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
2021-06-01
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Series: | International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine |
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Online Access: | https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ijmtfm/article/view/32400 |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Fatemeh Baberi Amir Kavousi Davood Mirtorabi Nader Parsa Seyed Amirhosein Mahdavi Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari |
spellingShingle |
Fatemeh Baberi Amir Kavousi Davood Mirtorabi Nader Parsa Seyed Amirhosein Mahdavi Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari Assessing Substances Abuse-Induced Mortality Rates by Autopsy Method in Iran International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine death rate substance abuse autopsy toxicology iran |
author_facet |
Fatemeh Baberi Amir Kavousi Davood Mirtorabi Nader Parsa Seyed Amirhosein Mahdavi Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari |
author_sort |
Fatemeh Baberi |
title |
Assessing Substances Abuse-Induced Mortality Rates by Autopsy Method in Iran |
title_short |
Assessing Substances Abuse-Induced Mortality Rates by Autopsy Method in Iran |
title_full |
Assessing Substances Abuse-Induced Mortality Rates by Autopsy Method in Iran |
title_fullStr |
Assessing Substances Abuse-Induced Mortality Rates by Autopsy Method in Iran |
title_full_unstemmed |
Assessing Substances Abuse-Induced Mortality Rates by Autopsy Method in Iran |
title_sort |
assessing substances abuse-induced mortality rates by autopsy method in iran |
publisher |
Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences |
series |
International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine |
issn |
2251-8762 2251-8770 |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
Background: Substance abuse is among the main causes of preventable diseases and premature deaths worldwide. Despite legal efforts to prevent substance abuse, it has increased and imposed significant economic costs on societies. This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to explore the rate of substance abuse-induced mortality in the provinces of Iran, in 2017. We elaborated an evaluation structure to identify nationwide different substance abuse-related mortality rates. Methods: We employed the retrospective data extracted from autopsy, forensic medicine examination, and demographic characteristics from the recordings in the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization (ILMO). Stata and ArcGIS were applied for data analysis. Results: Nationwide, 3089 substance abuse-related deaths were recorded in the ILMO; the incidence rate was 38.17 per million subjects. The deaths mostly occurred in the 30-39 age group and males accounted for 90% of cases. The provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, Fars, Hamadan, and Semnan reported significantly higher rates, compared with the provinces of Mazandaran, West-Azerbaijan, and Golestan with the lowest mortality rates per million (74.72, 69.81, 63.42, 61.70, 58.53 vs. 10.82, 12.11, 14.30, respectively). Mortality rates due to the abuse of methadone (20.29), morphine (12.34), amphetamine (5.32), methamphetamine (7.05), codeine (4.21), tramadol (5.96), benzodiazepine (1.47), and diphenoxylate (0.05) were calculated per million populations of Iran.Conclusion: The obtained data suggested that preventive interventions should focus on the 20-40 age group. Methadone, morphine, and methamphetamine were associated with the highest mortality, compared to other substances; thus, they require effective treatment and preventive programs. Iranian Drug Control Headquarters, police department, and policymakers should act more efficiently regarding a preventive strategic plan in this respect. |
topic |
death rate substance abuse autopsy toxicology iran |
url |
https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ijmtfm/article/view/32400 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1721184304498737152 |
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doaj-6b882cb19248484c930a25e1330ccacb2021-08-31T06:08:28ZengShaheed Beheshti University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine2251-87622251-87702021-06-011123240010.32598/ijmtfm.v11i2.32400Assessing Substances Abuse-Induced Mortality Rates by Autopsy Method in IranFatemeh Baberi0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-8206Amir Kavousi1 Davood Mirtorabi2Nader Parsa3Seyed Amirhosein Mahdavi4Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari5Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran.Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran.Department of Epidemiology, Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.* Corresponding Author:Seyed Saeed Hashemi NazariAddress:Department of Epidemiology, Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Tel: +98 (21) 22432040E-mail: saeedh_1999@yahoo.comBackground: Substance abuse is among the main causes of preventable diseases and premature deaths worldwide. Despite legal efforts to prevent substance abuse, it has increased and imposed significant economic costs on societies. This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to explore the rate of substance abuse-induced mortality in the provinces of Iran, in 2017. We elaborated an evaluation structure to identify nationwide different substance abuse-related mortality rates. Methods: We employed the retrospective data extracted from autopsy, forensic medicine examination, and demographic characteristics from the recordings in the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization (ILMO). Stata and ArcGIS were applied for data analysis. Results: Nationwide, 3089 substance abuse-related deaths were recorded in the ILMO; the incidence rate was 38.17 per million subjects. The deaths mostly occurred in the 30-39 age group and males accounted for 90% of cases. The provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, Fars, Hamadan, and Semnan reported significantly higher rates, compared with the provinces of Mazandaran, West-Azerbaijan, and Golestan with the lowest mortality rates per million (74.72, 69.81, 63.42, 61.70, 58.53 vs. 10.82, 12.11, 14.30, respectively). Mortality rates due to the abuse of methadone (20.29), morphine (12.34), amphetamine (5.32), methamphetamine (7.05), codeine (4.21), tramadol (5.96), benzodiazepine (1.47), and diphenoxylate (0.05) were calculated per million populations of Iran.Conclusion: The obtained data suggested that preventive interventions should focus on the 20-40 age group. Methadone, morphine, and methamphetamine were associated with the highest mortality, compared to other substances; thus, they require effective treatment and preventive programs. Iranian Drug Control Headquarters, police department, and policymakers should act more efficiently regarding a preventive strategic plan in this respect.A B S T R A C TKeywords:Death Rate, Substance abuse, Autopsy, Toxicology, IranCitation: Baberi F, Kavousi A, Mirtorabi D, Parsa N, Mahdavi SA, Hashemi Nazari SS. Assessing Substances Abuse-In-duced Mortality Rates by Autopsy Method in Iran. International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine. 2021; 11(2):32400. https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v11i2.32400 : https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v11i2.32400Use your device to scan and read the article onlineArticle info:Received: 27 Sep 2020First Revision: 14 Oct 2020Accepted: 30 May 2020Published: 30 Jun 2021Spring 2021, Volume 11, Number 2Background: Substance abuse is among the main causes of preventable diseases and premature deaths worldwide. Despite legal efforts to prevent substance abuse, it has increased and imposed significant economic costs on societies. This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to explore the rate of substance abuse-induced mortality in the provinces of Iran, in 2017. We elaborated an evaluation structure to identify nationwide different substance abuse-related mortality rates. Methods: We employed the retrospective data extracted from autopsy, forensic medicine examination, and demographic characteristics from the recordings in the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization (ILMO). Stata and ArcGIS were applied for data analysis. Results: Nationwide, 3089 substance abuse-related deaths were recorded in the ILMO; the incidence rate was 38.17 per million subjects. The deaths mostly occurred in the 30-39 age group and males accounted for 90% of cases. The provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, Fars, Hamadan, and Semnan reported significantly higher rates, compared with the provinces of Mazandaran, West-Azerbaijan, and Golestan with the lowest mortality rates per million (74.72, 69.81, 63.42, 61.70, 58.53 vs. 10.82, 12.11, 14.30, respectively). Mortality rates due to the abuse of methadone (20.29), morphine (12.34), amphetamine (5.32), methamphetamine (7.05), codeine (4.21), tramadol (5.96), benzodiazepine (1.47), and diphenoxylate (0.05) were calculated per million populations of Iran.Conclusion: The obtained data suggested that preventive interventions should focus on the 20-40 age group. Methadone, morphine, and methamphetamine were associated with the highest mortality, compared to other substances; thus, they require effective treatment and preventive programs. Iranian Drug Control Headquarters, police department, and policymakers should act more efficiently regarding a preventive strategic plan in this respect.https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ijmtfm/article/view/32400death ratesubstance abuseautopsytoxicologyiran |