Comparison of Japanese Encephalitis Force of Infection in Pigs, Poultry and Dogs in Cambodian Villages
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the main cause of human viral encephalitis in Asia, with a mortality rate reaching 30%, mostly affecting children. The traditionally described cycle involving wild birds as reservoirs, pigs as amplifying hosts and <i>Culex</i> mosquitoes as vectors is...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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Series: | Pathogens |
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/9/719 |
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doaj-6bdccf27b8dc42ea9cf7154dd3194572 |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Héléna Ladreyt Heidi Auerswald Sothyra Tum Sreymom Ken Leangyi Heng Saraden In Sokchea Lay Chakriyouth Top Sowath Ly Veasna Duong Philippe Dussart Benoit Durand Véronique Chevalier |
spellingShingle |
Héléna Ladreyt Heidi Auerswald Sothyra Tum Sreymom Ken Leangyi Heng Saraden In Sokchea Lay Chakriyouth Top Sowath Ly Veasna Duong Philippe Dussart Benoit Durand Véronique Chevalier Comparison of Japanese Encephalitis Force of Infection in Pigs, Poultry and Dogs in Cambodian Villages Pathogens Japanese encephalitis virus multi-host dog force of infection Cambodia |
author_facet |
Héléna Ladreyt Heidi Auerswald Sothyra Tum Sreymom Ken Leangyi Heng Saraden In Sokchea Lay Chakriyouth Top Sowath Ly Veasna Duong Philippe Dussart Benoit Durand Véronique Chevalier |
author_sort |
Héléna Ladreyt |
title |
Comparison of Japanese Encephalitis Force of Infection in Pigs, Poultry and Dogs in Cambodian Villages |
title_short |
Comparison of Japanese Encephalitis Force of Infection in Pigs, Poultry and Dogs in Cambodian Villages |
title_full |
Comparison of Japanese Encephalitis Force of Infection in Pigs, Poultry and Dogs in Cambodian Villages |
title_fullStr |
Comparison of Japanese Encephalitis Force of Infection in Pigs, Poultry and Dogs in Cambodian Villages |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comparison of Japanese Encephalitis Force of Infection in Pigs, Poultry and Dogs in Cambodian Villages |
title_sort |
comparison of japanese encephalitis force of infection in pigs, poultry and dogs in cambodian villages |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Pathogens |
issn |
2076-0817 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the main cause of human viral encephalitis in Asia, with a mortality rate reaching 30%, mostly affecting children. The traditionally described cycle involving wild birds as reservoirs, pigs as amplifying hosts and <i>Culex</i> mosquitoes as vectors is questioned, with increasing evidence of a more complex multi-host system involved in areas where densities of pigs are low, such as in Cambodia. In 2018, we examined pigs, chickens, ducks and dogs from Kandal province, Cambodia, for antibody response against JEV by hemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralization assays. Forces of infection (FOI) for flaviviruses and JEV were estimated per species and per unit of body surface area (BSA). JEV seroprevalence reached 31% (95% CI: 23–41%) in pigs, 1% (95% CI: 0.1–3%) in chickens, 12% (95% CI: 7–19%) in ducks and 35% (95% CI: 28–42%) in dogs. Pigs were most likely to be infected (FOI: 0.09 per month), but the FOI was higher in ducks than in pigs for a given BSA (ratio of 0.13). Dogs had a lower FOI than ducks but a higher FOI than chickens (0.01 per month). For a given BSA, dogs were less likely to be infected than pigs (ratio of 1.9). In Cambodia, the virus may be circulating between multiple hosts. Dogs live in close contact with humans, and estimating their exposure to JEV infection could be a relevant indicator of the risk for humans to get infected, which is poorly known due to underdiagnosis. Understanding the JEV cycle and developing tools to quantify the exposure of humans is essential to adapt and support control measures for this vaccine-preventable disease. |
topic |
Japanese encephalitis virus multi-host dog force of infection Cambodia |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/9/719 |
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doaj-6bdccf27b8dc42ea9cf7154dd31945722020-11-25T03:19:26ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172020-09-01971971910.3390/pathogens9090719Comparison of Japanese Encephalitis Force of Infection in Pigs, Poultry and Dogs in Cambodian VillagesHéléna Ladreyt0Heidi Auerswald1Sothyra Tum2Sreymom Ken3Leangyi Heng4Saraden In5Sokchea Lay6Chakriyouth Top7Sowath Ly8Veasna Duong9Philippe Dussart10Benoit Durand11Véronique Chevalier12Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory for Animal Health, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), University Paris-Est, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, FranceVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Boulevard, P.O Box. 983, Phnom Penh 12201, CambodiaNational Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate for Animal Health and Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh 12201, CambodiaVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Boulevard, P.O Box. 983, Phnom Penh 12201, CambodiaVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Boulevard, P.O Box. 983, Phnom Penh 12201, CambodiaVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Boulevard, P.O Box. 983, Phnom Penh 12201, CambodiaImmunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Boulevard, P.O Box. 983, Phnom Penh 12201, CambodiaVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Boulevard, P.O Box. 983, Phnom Penh 12201, CambodiaEpidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Boulevard, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh 12201, CambodiaVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Boulevard, P.O Box. 983, Phnom Penh 12201, CambodiaVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Boulevard, P.O Box. 983, Phnom Penh 12201, CambodiaEpidemiology Unit, Laboratory for Animal Health, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), University Paris-Est, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, FranceInternational Center of Research in Agriculture for Development (CIRAD), UMR ASTRE, F-34090 Montpellier, FranceJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the main cause of human viral encephalitis in Asia, with a mortality rate reaching 30%, mostly affecting children. The traditionally described cycle involving wild birds as reservoirs, pigs as amplifying hosts and <i>Culex</i> mosquitoes as vectors is questioned, with increasing evidence of a more complex multi-host system involved in areas where densities of pigs are low, such as in Cambodia. In 2018, we examined pigs, chickens, ducks and dogs from Kandal province, Cambodia, for antibody response against JEV by hemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralization assays. Forces of infection (FOI) for flaviviruses and JEV were estimated per species and per unit of body surface area (BSA). JEV seroprevalence reached 31% (95% CI: 23–41%) in pigs, 1% (95% CI: 0.1–3%) in chickens, 12% (95% CI: 7–19%) in ducks and 35% (95% CI: 28–42%) in dogs. Pigs were most likely to be infected (FOI: 0.09 per month), but the FOI was higher in ducks than in pigs for a given BSA (ratio of 0.13). Dogs had a lower FOI than ducks but a higher FOI than chickens (0.01 per month). For a given BSA, dogs were less likely to be infected than pigs (ratio of 1.9). In Cambodia, the virus may be circulating between multiple hosts. Dogs live in close contact with humans, and estimating their exposure to JEV infection could be a relevant indicator of the risk for humans to get infected, which is poorly known due to underdiagnosis. Understanding the JEV cycle and developing tools to quantify the exposure of humans is essential to adapt and support control measures for this vaccine-preventable disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/9/719Japanese encephalitis virusmulti-hostdogforce of infectionCambodia |