Increased Adipose Tissue Expression of Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF)-5 in Obesity: Association with Metabolic Inflammation
Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-5 is known to be involved in M1 macrophage polarization, however, changes in the adipose expression of IRF5 in obesity and their relationship with the local expression of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines are unknown. Therefore, IRF5 gene expression was determin...
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doaj-6bfa4224e5464daa9f523a6f621aab8c2020-11-24T21:33:39ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092019-11-01811141810.3390/cells8111418cells8111418Increased Adipose Tissue Expression of Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF)-5 in Obesity: Association with Metabolic InflammationSardar Sindhu0Reeby Thomas1Shihab Kochumon2Ajit Wilson3Mohamed Abu-Farha4Abdullah Bennakhi5Fahd Al-Mulla6Rasheed Ahmad7Animal & Imaging Core Facility, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, KuwaitDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, KuwaitDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, KuwaitDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, KuwaitDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, KuwaitMedical Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, KuwaitDepartment of Genetics & Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, KuwaitDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, KuwaitInterferon regulatory factor (IRF)-5 is known to be involved in M1 macrophage polarization, however, changes in the adipose expression of IRF5 in obesity and their relationship with the local expression of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines are unknown. Therefore, IRF5 gene expression was determined in the subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from 53 non-diabetic individuals (6 lean, 18 overweight, and 29 obese), using real-time RT-PCR. IRF5 protein expression was also assessed using immunohistochemistry and/or confocal microscopy. Adipose gene expression of signature immune metabolic markers was also determined and compared with adipose IRF5 gene expression. Systemic levels of C-reactive protein and adiponectin were measured by ELISA. The data show that adipose IRF5 gene (P = 0.008) and protein (P = 0.004) expression was upregulated in obese compared with lean individuals. IRF5 expression changes correlated positively with body mass index (BMI; r = 0.37/P = 0.008) and body fat percentage (r = 0.51/P = 0.0004). In obese, IRF5 changes associated positively with HbA1c (r = 0.41/P = 0.02). A good agreement was found between gene and protein expression of IRF5 in obese subjects (r = 0.65/P = 0.001). IRF5 gene expression associated positively with adipose inflammatory signatures including local expression of TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL8, CCL-2/5, IL-1β, IL-18, CXCL-9/10, CCL7, CCR-1/2/5, TLR-2/7/8/9, IRF3, MyD88, IRAK-1, and inflammatory macrophage markers (P < 0.05). Interestingly, IRF5 gene expression correlated positively with CRP (r = 0.37, P = 0.03) and negatively with adiponectin levels (r = −0.43, P = 0.009). In conclusion, elevated adipose IRF5 expression in obesity concurs with the typical inflammatory signatures, locally and systemically. Hence, the IRF5 upregulation may represent a novel adipose tissue marker for metabolic inflammation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/11/1418interferon regulatory factor-5obesitymetabolic inflammationadipose tissue |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sardar Sindhu Reeby Thomas Shihab Kochumon Ajit Wilson Mohamed Abu-Farha Abdullah Bennakhi Fahd Al-Mulla Rasheed Ahmad |
spellingShingle |
Sardar Sindhu Reeby Thomas Shihab Kochumon Ajit Wilson Mohamed Abu-Farha Abdullah Bennakhi Fahd Al-Mulla Rasheed Ahmad Increased Adipose Tissue Expression of Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF)-5 in Obesity: Association with Metabolic Inflammation Cells interferon regulatory factor-5 obesity metabolic inflammation adipose tissue |
author_facet |
Sardar Sindhu Reeby Thomas Shihab Kochumon Ajit Wilson Mohamed Abu-Farha Abdullah Bennakhi Fahd Al-Mulla Rasheed Ahmad |
author_sort |
Sardar Sindhu |
title |
Increased Adipose Tissue Expression of Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF)-5 in Obesity: Association with Metabolic Inflammation |
title_short |
Increased Adipose Tissue Expression of Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF)-5 in Obesity: Association with Metabolic Inflammation |
title_full |
Increased Adipose Tissue Expression of Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF)-5 in Obesity: Association with Metabolic Inflammation |
title_fullStr |
Increased Adipose Tissue Expression of Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF)-5 in Obesity: Association with Metabolic Inflammation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Increased Adipose Tissue Expression of Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF)-5 in Obesity: Association with Metabolic Inflammation |
title_sort |
increased adipose tissue expression of interferon regulatory factor (irf)-5 in obesity: association with metabolic inflammation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Cells |
issn |
2073-4409 |
publishDate |
2019-11-01 |
description |
Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-5 is known to be involved in M1 macrophage polarization, however, changes in the adipose expression of IRF5 in obesity and their relationship with the local expression of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines are unknown. Therefore, IRF5 gene expression was determined in the subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from 53 non-diabetic individuals (6 lean, 18 overweight, and 29 obese), using real-time RT-PCR. IRF5 protein expression was also assessed using immunohistochemistry and/or confocal microscopy. Adipose gene expression of signature immune metabolic markers was also determined and compared with adipose IRF5 gene expression. Systemic levels of C-reactive protein and adiponectin were measured by ELISA. The data show that adipose IRF5 gene (P = 0.008) and protein (P = 0.004) expression was upregulated in obese compared with lean individuals. IRF5 expression changes correlated positively with body mass index (BMI; r = 0.37/P = 0.008) and body fat percentage (r = 0.51/P = 0.0004). In obese, IRF5 changes associated positively with HbA1c (r = 0.41/P = 0.02). A good agreement was found between gene and protein expression of IRF5 in obese subjects (r = 0.65/P = 0.001). IRF5 gene expression associated positively with adipose inflammatory signatures including local expression of TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL8, CCL-2/5, IL-1β, IL-18, CXCL-9/10, CCL7, CCR-1/2/5, TLR-2/7/8/9, IRF3, MyD88, IRAK-1, and inflammatory macrophage markers (P < 0.05). Interestingly, IRF5 gene expression correlated positively with CRP (r = 0.37, P = 0.03) and negatively with adiponectin levels (r = −0.43, P = 0.009). In conclusion, elevated adipose IRF5 expression in obesity concurs with the typical inflammatory signatures, locally and systemically. Hence, the IRF5 upregulation may represent a novel adipose tissue marker for metabolic inflammation. |
topic |
interferon regulatory factor-5 obesity metabolic inflammation adipose tissue |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/11/1418 |
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