Economic losses due to ozone impacts on human health, forest productivity and crop yield across China
China's economic growth has significantly increased emissions of tropospheric ozone (O3) precursors, resulting in increased regional O3 pollution. We analyzed data from >1400 monitoring stations and estimated the exposure of population and vegetation (crops and forests) to O3 pollution acros...
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doaj-6c302184ea224b1f976a9d8d038918742020-11-25T01:26:58ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202019-10-01131Economic losses due to ozone impacts on human health, forest productivity and crop yield across ChinaZhaozhong Feng0Alessandra De Marco1Alessandro Anav2Maurizio Gualtieri3Pierre Sicard4Hanqin Tian5Francesca Fornasier6Fulu Tao7Anhong Guo8Elena Paoletti9Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, Italy; Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Corresponding author at: ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, Italy.ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, ItalyENEA, Martiri di Montesole 4, 40129 Bologna, ItalyARGANS, 260 route du Pin Montard, 06410 Biot, France; Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, ItalyState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, USAIsprambiente, via Vitaliano Brancati 48, Rome, ItalyInstitute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaNational Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100081, ChinaENEA, Martiri di Montesole 4, 40129 Bologna, ItalyChina's economic growth has significantly increased emissions of tropospheric ozone (O3) precursors, resulting in increased regional O3 pollution. We analyzed data from >1400 monitoring stations and estimated the exposure of population and vegetation (crops and forests) to O3 pollution across China in 2015. Based on WHO metrics for human health protection, the current O3 level leads to +0.9% premature mortality (59,844 additional cases a year) with 96% of populated areas showing O3–induced premature death. For vegetation, O3 reduces annual forest tree biomass growth by 11–13% and yield of rice and wheat by 8% and 6%, respectively, relative to conditions below the respective AOT40 critical levels (CL). These CLs are exceeded over 98%, 75% and 83% of the areas of forests, rice and wheat, respectively. Using O3 exposure–response functions, we evaluated the costs of O3-induced losses in rice (7.5 billion US$), wheat (11.1 billion US$) and forest production (52.2 billion US$) and SOMO35–based morbidity for respiratory diseases (690.9 billion US$) and non–accidental mortality (7.5 billion US$), i.e. a total O3-related cost representing 7% of the China Gross Domestic Product in 2015. Keywords: Surface ozone, Human health, Wheat, Rice, Forests, Crops, Risk assessment, Impacts, Economic valuationhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412019306373 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Zhaozhong Feng Alessandra De Marco Alessandro Anav Maurizio Gualtieri Pierre Sicard Hanqin Tian Francesca Fornasier Fulu Tao Anhong Guo Elena Paoletti |
spellingShingle |
Zhaozhong Feng Alessandra De Marco Alessandro Anav Maurizio Gualtieri Pierre Sicard Hanqin Tian Francesca Fornasier Fulu Tao Anhong Guo Elena Paoletti Economic losses due to ozone impacts on human health, forest productivity and crop yield across China Environment International |
author_facet |
Zhaozhong Feng Alessandra De Marco Alessandro Anav Maurizio Gualtieri Pierre Sicard Hanqin Tian Francesca Fornasier Fulu Tao Anhong Guo Elena Paoletti |
author_sort |
Zhaozhong Feng |
title |
Economic losses due to ozone impacts on human health, forest productivity and crop yield across China |
title_short |
Economic losses due to ozone impacts on human health, forest productivity and crop yield across China |
title_full |
Economic losses due to ozone impacts on human health, forest productivity and crop yield across China |
title_fullStr |
Economic losses due to ozone impacts on human health, forest productivity and crop yield across China |
title_full_unstemmed |
Economic losses due to ozone impacts on human health, forest productivity and crop yield across China |
title_sort |
economic losses due to ozone impacts on human health, forest productivity and crop yield across china |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Environment International |
issn |
0160-4120 |
publishDate |
2019-10-01 |
description |
China's economic growth has significantly increased emissions of tropospheric ozone (O3) precursors, resulting in increased regional O3 pollution. We analyzed data from >1400 monitoring stations and estimated the exposure of population and vegetation (crops and forests) to O3 pollution across China in 2015. Based on WHO metrics for human health protection, the current O3 level leads to +0.9% premature mortality (59,844 additional cases a year) with 96% of populated areas showing O3–induced premature death. For vegetation, O3 reduces annual forest tree biomass growth by 11–13% and yield of rice and wheat by 8% and 6%, respectively, relative to conditions below the respective AOT40 critical levels (CL). These CLs are exceeded over 98%, 75% and 83% of the areas of forests, rice and wheat, respectively. Using O3 exposure–response functions, we evaluated the costs of O3-induced losses in rice (7.5 billion US$), wheat (11.1 billion US$) and forest production (52.2 billion US$) and SOMO35–based morbidity for respiratory diseases (690.9 billion US$) and non–accidental mortality (7.5 billion US$), i.e. a total O3-related cost representing 7% of the China Gross Domestic Product in 2015. Keywords: Surface ozone, Human health, Wheat, Rice, Forests, Crops, Risk assessment, Impacts, Economic valuation |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412019306373 |
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