Acquired Resilience: An Evolved System of Tissue Protection in Mammals
This review brings together observations on the stress-induced regulation of resilience mechanisms in body tissues. It is argued that the stresses that induce tissue resilience in mammals arise from everyday sources: sunlight, food, lack of food, hypoxia and physical stresses. At low levels, these s...
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doaj-6c3e2f6b62df4490b81b76fdba79da522020-11-25T03:55:15ZengSAGE PublishingDose-Response1559-32582018-12-011610.1177/1559325818803428Acquired Resilience: An Evolved System of Tissue Protection in MammalsJonathan Stone0John Mitrofanis1Daniel M. Johnstone2Benedetto Falsini3Silvia Bisti4Paul Adam5Arturo Bravo Nuevo6Mindy George-Weinstein7Rebecca Mason8Janis Eells9 Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Facolta’ di Medicina e Chirurgia, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Universita’ Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy Department of Biotechnical and Applied Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, IIT Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova and INBB Istituto Nazionale Biosistemi e Biostrutture, Rome, Italy School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USAThis review brings together observations on the stress-induced regulation of resilience mechanisms in body tissues. It is argued that the stresses that induce tissue resilience in mammals arise from everyday sources: sunlight, food, lack of food, hypoxia and physical stresses. At low levels, these stresses induce an organised protective response in probably all tissues; and, at some higher level, cause tissue destruction. This pattern of response to stress is well known to toxicologists, who have termed it hormesis. The phenotypes of resilience are diverse and reports of stress-induced resilience are to be found in journals of neuroscience, sports medicine, cancer, healthy ageing, dementia, parkinsonism, ophthalmology and more. This diversity makes the proposing of a general concept of induced resilience a significant task, which this review attempts. We suggest that a system of stress-induced tissue resilience has evolved to enhance the survival of animals. By analogy with acquired immunity, we term this system ‘acquired resilience’. Evidence is reviewed that acquired resilience, like acquired immunity, fades with age. This fading is, we suggest, a major component of ageing. Understanding of acquired resilience may, we argue, open pathways for the maintenance of good health in the later decades of human life.https://doi.org/10.1177/1559325818803428 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jonathan Stone John Mitrofanis Daniel M. Johnstone Benedetto Falsini Silvia Bisti Paul Adam Arturo Bravo Nuevo Mindy George-Weinstein Rebecca Mason Janis Eells |
spellingShingle |
Jonathan Stone John Mitrofanis Daniel M. Johnstone Benedetto Falsini Silvia Bisti Paul Adam Arturo Bravo Nuevo Mindy George-Weinstein Rebecca Mason Janis Eells Acquired Resilience: An Evolved System of Tissue Protection in Mammals Dose-Response |
author_facet |
Jonathan Stone John Mitrofanis Daniel M. Johnstone Benedetto Falsini Silvia Bisti Paul Adam Arturo Bravo Nuevo Mindy George-Weinstein Rebecca Mason Janis Eells |
author_sort |
Jonathan Stone |
title |
Acquired Resilience: An Evolved System of Tissue Protection in Mammals |
title_short |
Acquired Resilience: An Evolved System of Tissue Protection in Mammals |
title_full |
Acquired Resilience: An Evolved System of Tissue Protection in Mammals |
title_fullStr |
Acquired Resilience: An Evolved System of Tissue Protection in Mammals |
title_full_unstemmed |
Acquired Resilience: An Evolved System of Tissue Protection in Mammals |
title_sort |
acquired resilience: an evolved system of tissue protection in mammals |
publisher |
SAGE Publishing |
series |
Dose-Response |
issn |
1559-3258 |
publishDate |
2018-12-01 |
description |
This review brings together observations on the stress-induced regulation of resilience mechanisms in body tissues. It is argued that the stresses that induce tissue resilience in mammals arise from everyday sources: sunlight, food, lack of food, hypoxia and physical stresses. At low levels, these stresses induce an organised protective response in probably all tissues; and, at some higher level, cause tissue destruction. This pattern of response to stress is well known to toxicologists, who have termed it hormesis. The phenotypes of resilience are diverse and reports of stress-induced resilience are to be found in journals of neuroscience, sports medicine, cancer, healthy ageing, dementia, parkinsonism, ophthalmology and more. This diversity makes the proposing of a general concept of induced resilience a significant task, which this review attempts. We suggest that a system of stress-induced tissue resilience has evolved to enhance the survival of animals. By analogy with acquired immunity, we term this system ‘acquired resilience’. Evidence is reviewed that acquired resilience, like acquired immunity, fades with age. This fading is, we suggest, a major component of ageing. Understanding of acquired resilience may, we argue, open pathways for the maintenance of good health in the later decades of human life. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1177/1559325818803428 |
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