Coexistence of three sympatric cormorants (Phalacrocorax spp.); partitioning of time as an ecological resource
Resource partitioning is well known along food and habitat for reducing competition among sympatric species, yet a study on temporal partitioning as a viable basis for reducing resource competition is not empirically investigated. Here, I attempt to identify the mechanism of temporal partitioning by...
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doaj-6d1bc177ab584b6d84cd5479908e5dab2020-11-25T03:56:27ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032016-01-013510.1098/rsos.160175160175Coexistence of three sympatric cormorants (Phalacrocorax spp.); partitioning of time as an ecological resourceMylswamy MahendiranResource partitioning is well known along food and habitat for reducing competition among sympatric species, yet a study on temporal partitioning as a viable basis for reducing resource competition is not empirically investigated. Here, I attempt to identify the mechanism of temporal partitioning by intra- and interspecific diving analyses of three sympatric cormorant species at different freshwater wetlands around the Delhi region. Diving results indicated that cormorants opted for a shallow diving; consequently, they did not face any physiological stress. Moreover, diving durations were linked with seasons, foraging time and foraging habitats. Intraspecific comparison suggested that cormorants spent a longer time underwater in early hours of the day. Therefore, time spent for dive was higher in the forenoon than late afternoon, and the interspecific analysis also yielded a similar result. When Phalacrocorax niger and Phalacrocorax fuscicollis shared the same foraging habitat, they tended to differ in their foraging time (forenoon/afternoon). However, when P. niger and Phalacrocorax carbo shared the same foraging time, they tended to use different foraging habitats (lentic/lotic) leading to a mechanism of resource partitioning. Thus, sympatric cormorants effectively use time as a resource to exploit the food resources and successful coexistence.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.160175behaviourcormorantsdiving timeresource partitionsympatrictemporal |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mylswamy Mahendiran |
spellingShingle |
Mylswamy Mahendiran Coexistence of three sympatric cormorants (Phalacrocorax spp.); partitioning of time as an ecological resource Royal Society Open Science behaviour cormorants diving time resource partition sympatric temporal |
author_facet |
Mylswamy Mahendiran |
author_sort |
Mylswamy Mahendiran |
title |
Coexistence of three sympatric cormorants (Phalacrocorax spp.); partitioning of time as an ecological resource |
title_short |
Coexistence of three sympatric cormorants (Phalacrocorax spp.); partitioning of time as an ecological resource |
title_full |
Coexistence of three sympatric cormorants (Phalacrocorax spp.); partitioning of time as an ecological resource |
title_fullStr |
Coexistence of three sympatric cormorants (Phalacrocorax spp.); partitioning of time as an ecological resource |
title_full_unstemmed |
Coexistence of three sympatric cormorants (Phalacrocorax spp.); partitioning of time as an ecological resource |
title_sort |
coexistence of three sympatric cormorants (phalacrocorax spp.); partitioning of time as an ecological resource |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
series |
Royal Society Open Science |
issn |
2054-5703 |
publishDate |
2016-01-01 |
description |
Resource partitioning is well known along food and habitat for reducing competition among sympatric species, yet a study on temporal partitioning as a viable basis for reducing resource competition is not empirically investigated. Here, I attempt to identify the mechanism of temporal partitioning by intra- and interspecific diving analyses of three sympatric cormorant species at different freshwater wetlands around the Delhi region. Diving results indicated that cormorants opted for a shallow diving; consequently, they did not face any physiological stress. Moreover, diving durations were linked with seasons, foraging time and foraging habitats. Intraspecific comparison suggested that cormorants spent a longer time underwater in early hours of the day. Therefore, time spent for dive was higher in the forenoon than late afternoon, and the interspecific analysis also yielded a similar result. When Phalacrocorax niger and Phalacrocorax fuscicollis shared the same foraging habitat, they tended to differ in their foraging time (forenoon/afternoon). However, when P. niger and Phalacrocorax carbo shared the same foraging time, they tended to use different foraging habitats (lentic/lotic) leading to a mechanism of resource partitioning. Thus, sympatric cormorants effectively use time as a resource to exploit the food resources and successful coexistence. |
topic |
behaviour cormorants diving time resource partition sympatric temporal |
url |
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.160175 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT mylswamymahendiran coexistenceofthreesympatriccormorantsphalacrocoraxspppartitioningoftimeasanecologicalresource |
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1724464955571306496 |