Zinc in Dog Nutrition, Health and Disease: A Review
Zinc is an essential trace element, required for enzymatic, structural, and regulatory functions. As body reserves are scarce, an adequate zinc status relies on proper dietary supply and efficient homeostasis. Several biomarkers have been proposed that enable the detection of poor zinc status, but m...
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-04-01
|
Series: | Animals |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/4/978 |
id |
doaj-6db3e1d5523f467f85a27af8be9cc5e4 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-6db3e1d5523f467f85a27af8be9cc5e42021-04-01T23:00:59ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-04-011197897810.3390/ani11040978Zinc in Dog Nutrition, Health and Disease: A ReviewAna Margarida Pereira0Margarida R. G. Maia1António José Mira Fonseca2Ana Rita Jordão Cabrita3LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalZinc is an essential trace element, required for enzymatic, structural, and regulatory functions. As body reserves are scarce, an adequate zinc status relies on proper dietary supply and efficient homeostasis. Several biomarkers have been proposed that enable the detection of poor zinc status, but more sensitive and specific ones are needed to detect marginal deficiencies. The zinc content of commercial dry dog foods has great variability, with a more frequent non-compliance with the maximum authorized limit than with the nutritional requirement. The bioavailability of dietary zinc also plays a crucial role in ensuring an adequate zinc status. Despite controversial results, organic zinc sources have been considered more bioavailable than inorganic sources, albeit the zinc source effect is more evident after a restriction period of dietary zinc. Many disorders have been associated with inadequate zinc status, not being clear whether the occurrence of the disease is the consequence or the cause. This review presents data on zinc requirements and biomarkers for zinc status, that can be applied for the development of supplementation strategies of zinc in complete pet foods. Moreover, it provides an understanding of the role zinc plays in the health of dogs, and how altered zinc status affects diseases in dogs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/4/978zincdogbioavailabilitybiomarkersrequirementszinc status-disorders |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ana Margarida Pereira Margarida R. G. Maia António José Mira Fonseca Ana Rita Jordão Cabrita |
spellingShingle |
Ana Margarida Pereira Margarida R. G. Maia António José Mira Fonseca Ana Rita Jordão Cabrita Zinc in Dog Nutrition, Health and Disease: A Review Animals zinc dog bioavailability biomarkers requirements zinc status-disorders |
author_facet |
Ana Margarida Pereira Margarida R. G. Maia António José Mira Fonseca Ana Rita Jordão Cabrita |
author_sort |
Ana Margarida Pereira |
title |
Zinc in Dog Nutrition, Health and Disease: A Review |
title_short |
Zinc in Dog Nutrition, Health and Disease: A Review |
title_full |
Zinc in Dog Nutrition, Health and Disease: A Review |
title_fullStr |
Zinc in Dog Nutrition, Health and Disease: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Zinc in Dog Nutrition, Health and Disease: A Review |
title_sort |
zinc in dog nutrition, health and disease: a review |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Animals |
issn |
2076-2615 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Zinc is an essential trace element, required for enzymatic, structural, and regulatory functions. As body reserves are scarce, an adequate zinc status relies on proper dietary supply and efficient homeostasis. Several biomarkers have been proposed that enable the detection of poor zinc status, but more sensitive and specific ones are needed to detect marginal deficiencies. The zinc content of commercial dry dog foods has great variability, with a more frequent non-compliance with the maximum authorized limit than with the nutritional requirement. The bioavailability of dietary zinc also plays a crucial role in ensuring an adequate zinc status. Despite controversial results, organic zinc sources have been considered more bioavailable than inorganic sources, albeit the zinc source effect is more evident after a restriction period of dietary zinc. Many disorders have been associated with inadequate zinc status, not being clear whether the occurrence of the disease is the consequence or the cause. This review presents data on zinc requirements and biomarkers for zinc status, that can be applied for the development of supplementation strategies of zinc in complete pet foods. Moreover, it provides an understanding of the role zinc plays in the health of dogs, and how altered zinc status affects diseases in dogs. |
topic |
zinc dog bioavailability biomarkers requirements zinc status-disorders |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/4/978 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT anamargaridapereira zincindognutritionhealthanddiseaseareview AT margaridargmaia zincindognutritionhealthanddiseaseareview AT antoniojosemirafonseca zincindognutritionhealthanddiseaseareview AT anaritajordaocabrita zincindognutritionhealthanddiseaseareview |
_version_ |
1724175799751278592 |