The Importance of the Tumor Microenvironment and Hypoxia in Delivering a Precision Medicine Approach to Veterinary Oncology

Treating individual patients on the basis of specific factors, such as biomarkers, molecular signatures, phenotypes, environment, and lifestyle is what differentiates the precision medicine initiative from standard treatment regimens. Although precision medicine can be applied to almost any branch o...

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Main Authors: Mark Gray, James Meehan, Arran K. Turnbull, Carlos Martínez-Pérez, Charlene Kay, Lisa Y. Pang, David J. Argyle
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.598338/full
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author Mark Gray
James Meehan
Arran K. Turnbull
Arran K. Turnbull
Carlos Martínez-Pérez
Carlos Martínez-Pérez
Charlene Kay
Charlene Kay
Lisa Y. Pang
David J. Argyle
spellingShingle Mark Gray
James Meehan
Arran K. Turnbull
Arran K. Turnbull
Carlos Martínez-Pérez
Carlos Martínez-Pérez
Charlene Kay
Charlene Kay
Lisa Y. Pang
David J. Argyle
The Importance of the Tumor Microenvironment and Hypoxia in Delivering a Precision Medicine Approach to Veterinary Oncology
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
precision medicine
tumor microenviroenment
implantable technologies
genomics
one-health
author_facet Mark Gray
James Meehan
Arran K. Turnbull
Arran K. Turnbull
Carlos Martínez-Pérez
Carlos Martínez-Pérez
Charlene Kay
Charlene Kay
Lisa Y. Pang
David J. Argyle
author_sort Mark Gray
title The Importance of the Tumor Microenvironment and Hypoxia in Delivering a Precision Medicine Approach to Veterinary Oncology
title_short The Importance of the Tumor Microenvironment and Hypoxia in Delivering a Precision Medicine Approach to Veterinary Oncology
title_full The Importance of the Tumor Microenvironment and Hypoxia in Delivering a Precision Medicine Approach to Veterinary Oncology
title_fullStr The Importance of the Tumor Microenvironment and Hypoxia in Delivering a Precision Medicine Approach to Veterinary Oncology
title_full_unstemmed The Importance of the Tumor Microenvironment and Hypoxia in Delivering a Precision Medicine Approach to Veterinary Oncology
title_sort importance of the tumor microenvironment and hypoxia in delivering a precision medicine approach to veterinary oncology
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Veterinary Science
issn 2297-1769
publishDate 2020-11-01
description Treating individual patients on the basis of specific factors, such as biomarkers, molecular signatures, phenotypes, environment, and lifestyle is what differentiates the precision medicine initiative from standard treatment regimens. Although precision medicine can be applied to almost any branch of medicine, it is perhaps most easily applied to the field of oncology. Cancer is a heterogeneous disease, meaning that even though patients may be histologically diagnosed with the same cancer type, their tumors may have different molecular characteristics, genetic mutations or tumor microenvironments that can influence prognosis or treatment response. In this review, we describe what methods are currently available to clinicians that allow them to monitor key tumor microenvironmental parameters in a way that could be used to achieve precision medicine for cancer patients. We further describe exciting novel research involving the use of implantable medical devices for precision medicine, including those developed for mapping tumor microenvironment parameters (e.g., O2, pH, and cancer biomarkers), delivering local drug treatments, assessing treatment responses, and monitoring for recurrence and metastasis. Although these research studies have predominantly focused on and were tailored to humans, the results and concepts are equally applicable to veterinary patients. While veterinary clinical studies that have adopted a precision medicine approach are still in their infancy, there have been some exciting success stories. These have included the development of a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor for canine mast cell tumors and the production of a PCR assay to monitor the chemotherapeutic response of canine high-grade B-cell lymphomas. Although precision medicine is an exciting area of research, it currently has failed to gain significant translation into human and veterinary healthcare practices. In order to begin to address this issue, there is increasing awareness that cross-disciplinary approaches involving human and veterinary clinicians, engineers and chemists may be needed to help advance precision medicine toward its full integration into human and veterinary clinical practices.
topic precision medicine
tumor microenviroenment
implantable technologies
genomics
one-health
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.598338/full
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spelling doaj-6e073301f12f42c398ad3721d64f089b2020-11-25T04:02:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692020-11-01710.3389/fvets.2020.598338598338The Importance of the Tumor Microenvironment and Hypoxia in Delivering a Precision Medicine Approach to Veterinary OncologyMark Gray0James Meehan1Arran K. Turnbull2Arran K. Turnbull3Carlos Martínez-Pérez4Carlos Martínez-Pérez5Charlene Kay6Charlene Kay7Lisa Y. Pang8David J. Argyle9The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United KingdomTranslational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United KingdomTranslational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United KingdomBreast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United KingdomTranslational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United KingdomBreast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United KingdomTranslational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United KingdomBreast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United KingdomThe Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United KingdomThe Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United KingdomTreating individual patients on the basis of specific factors, such as biomarkers, molecular signatures, phenotypes, environment, and lifestyle is what differentiates the precision medicine initiative from standard treatment regimens. Although precision medicine can be applied to almost any branch of medicine, it is perhaps most easily applied to the field of oncology. Cancer is a heterogeneous disease, meaning that even though patients may be histologically diagnosed with the same cancer type, their tumors may have different molecular characteristics, genetic mutations or tumor microenvironments that can influence prognosis or treatment response. In this review, we describe what methods are currently available to clinicians that allow them to monitor key tumor microenvironmental parameters in a way that could be used to achieve precision medicine for cancer patients. We further describe exciting novel research involving the use of implantable medical devices for precision medicine, including those developed for mapping tumor microenvironment parameters (e.g., O2, pH, and cancer biomarkers), delivering local drug treatments, assessing treatment responses, and monitoring for recurrence and metastasis. Although these research studies have predominantly focused on and were tailored to humans, the results and concepts are equally applicable to veterinary patients. While veterinary clinical studies that have adopted a precision medicine approach are still in their infancy, there have been some exciting success stories. These have included the development of a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor for canine mast cell tumors and the production of a PCR assay to monitor the chemotherapeutic response of canine high-grade B-cell lymphomas. Although precision medicine is an exciting area of research, it currently has failed to gain significant translation into human and veterinary healthcare practices. In order to begin to address this issue, there is increasing awareness that cross-disciplinary approaches involving human and veterinary clinicians, engineers and chemists may be needed to help advance precision medicine toward its full integration into human and veterinary clinical practices.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.598338/fullprecision medicinetumor microenviroenmentimplantable technologiesgenomicsone-health