Diagnostic difficulties of <it>Lactobacillus casei </it>bacteraemia in immunocompetent patients: A case report

• Main Authors: Tommasi Chiara, Equitani Francesco, Masala Marcello, Ballardini Milva, Favaro Marco, Meledandri Marcello, Fontana Carla, Narciso Pasquale, Nicastri Emanuele
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2008-09-01
• Series: Journal of Medical Case Reports
• Online Access: http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/2/1/315

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Lactobacilli are currently proposed as probiotic agents in several dietary products. In blood cultures, they are usually considered as contaminants, but in recent years they have been recognized as causal infectious agents of endocarditis, urinary tract infections, meningitis, intra-abdominal infections and bacteraemia.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a case of <it>Lactobacillus casei </it>bacteraemia in a 66-year-old immunocompetent man with a history of fever of unknown origin. Leuconostoc bacteraemia was demonstrated by blood culture, but a later polymerase chain reaction analysis with sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA identified <it>Lactobacillus casei </it>and a successful antibiotic therapy was performed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Bacteraemia caused by probiotic organisms is rare but underestimated, since they are normally regarded as contaminants and their role as primary invaders is not always easily established. Although the consumption of probiotic products cannot be considered a risk factor in the development of diseases caused by usually non-pathogenic bacteria, specific individual clinical histories should be taken into account. This report should alert both clinicians and microbiologists to the possibility of unusual pathogens causing serious illnesses and to the use of 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing for molecular identification as a powerful tool in confirming the diagnosis of infrequent pathogens.</p>