Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from Dhamar, Yemen
Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis is a common and serious parasitic infection caused by the ubiquitous obligatory intracellular protozoan organism, Toxoplasma gondii. Although infection with T. gondii is usually asymptomatic in healthy individuals, it can lead to severe pathological effects in conge...
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doaj-6e278705c8f04ddd98ff18111301152b2021-01-03T12:04:22ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342019-12-011911910.1186/s12879-019-4718-4Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from Dhamar, YemenAbdulelah H. Al-Adhroey0Amat Al-Khaleq O. Mehrass1Abdulqawi A. Al-Shammakh2Abdullatif D. Ali3Mohammed Y. M. Akabat4Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi5Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar UniversityDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar UniversityDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar UniversityMedical Research Center, Jazan UniversityAbstract Background Toxoplasmosis is a common and serious parasitic infection caused by the ubiquitous obligatory intracellular protozoan organism, Toxoplasma gondii. Although infection with T. gondii is usually asymptomatic in healthy individuals, it can lead to severe pathological effects in congenital cases and immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and its predictors among pregnant women seeking prenatal and medical care at the general maternal and child health facility in Dhamar district of Dhamar governorate, Yemen. Methods A total of 420 pregnant women were randomly selected for this cross-sectional study. Participants were screened for anti-T. gondii antibodies (i.e. immunoglobulin M; IgM and immunoglobulin G; IgG) using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Demographic, socioeconomic, obstetric and behavioural data were collected using a pretested questionnaire via face-to-face interview. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the independent predictors of T. gondii seroprevalence. Results The overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies (IgG and/or IgM) among the participants was 21.2% (89/420; 95% CI = 17.3–25.1). Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 20.0% (84/420) of the women of which 12.9% (54/420) were positive for only IgG and 7.1% (30/420) were positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies. Moreover, 5 women (1.2%) were reactive only for IgM antibodies. Significant associations between T. gondii seroprevalence and history of spontaneous abortion (P < 0.001), raw vegetables consumption (P = 0.036), and presence of cats in household (P = 0.049) were reported. Multivariate analysis confirmed that history of spontaneous abortion (AOR = 4.04; 95% CI = [2.46, 6.63]) and presence of cats in household (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI = [1.02, 3.07]) are significant predictors of T. gondii seroprevalence among the studied participants. Conclusion The study found a high seroprevalence (21.2%) of T. gondii infection during pregnancy in Dhamar district, which is significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The provision of adequate maternal healthcare and health education pertaining to the prevention of T. gondii infection is therefore imperative to curtail the prevalence of infection among the studied population.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4718-4ToxoplasmosisPredictorsPregnant womenPrevalenceToxoplasma gondiiYemen |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Abdulelah H. Al-Adhroey Amat Al-Khaleq O. Mehrass Abdulqawi A. Al-Shammakh Abdullatif D. Ali Mohammed Y. M. Akabat Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi |
spellingShingle |
Abdulelah H. Al-Adhroey Amat Al-Khaleq O. Mehrass Abdulqawi A. Al-Shammakh Abdullatif D. Ali Mohammed Y. M. Akabat Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from Dhamar, Yemen BMC Infectious Diseases Toxoplasmosis Predictors Pregnant women Prevalence Toxoplasma gondii Yemen |
author_facet |
Abdulelah H. Al-Adhroey Amat Al-Khaleq O. Mehrass Abdulqawi A. Al-Shammakh Abdullatif D. Ali Mohammed Y. M. Akabat Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi |
author_sort |
Abdulelah H. Al-Adhroey |
title |
Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from Dhamar, Yemen |
title_short |
Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from Dhamar, Yemen |
title_full |
Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from Dhamar, Yemen |
title_fullStr |
Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from Dhamar, Yemen |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from Dhamar, Yemen |
title_sort |
prevalence and predictors of toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from dhamar, yemen |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Infectious Diseases |
issn |
1471-2334 |
publishDate |
2019-12-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis is a common and serious parasitic infection caused by the ubiquitous obligatory intracellular protozoan organism, Toxoplasma gondii. Although infection with T. gondii is usually asymptomatic in healthy individuals, it can lead to severe pathological effects in congenital cases and immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and its predictors among pregnant women seeking prenatal and medical care at the general maternal and child health facility in Dhamar district of Dhamar governorate, Yemen. Methods A total of 420 pregnant women were randomly selected for this cross-sectional study. Participants were screened for anti-T. gondii antibodies (i.e. immunoglobulin M; IgM and immunoglobulin G; IgG) using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Demographic, socioeconomic, obstetric and behavioural data were collected using a pretested questionnaire via face-to-face interview. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the independent predictors of T. gondii seroprevalence. Results The overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies (IgG and/or IgM) among the participants was 21.2% (89/420; 95% CI = 17.3–25.1). Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 20.0% (84/420) of the women of which 12.9% (54/420) were positive for only IgG and 7.1% (30/420) were positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies. Moreover, 5 women (1.2%) were reactive only for IgM antibodies. Significant associations between T. gondii seroprevalence and history of spontaneous abortion (P < 0.001), raw vegetables consumption (P = 0.036), and presence of cats in household (P = 0.049) were reported. Multivariate analysis confirmed that history of spontaneous abortion (AOR = 4.04; 95% CI = [2.46, 6.63]) and presence of cats in household (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI = [1.02, 3.07]) are significant predictors of T. gondii seroprevalence among the studied participants. Conclusion The study found a high seroprevalence (21.2%) of T. gondii infection during pregnancy in Dhamar district, which is significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The provision of adequate maternal healthcare and health education pertaining to the prevention of T. gondii infection is therefore imperative to curtail the prevalence of infection among the studied population. |
topic |
Toxoplasmosis Predictors Pregnant women Prevalence Toxoplasma gondii Yemen |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4718-4 |
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