Salivary Cytokine Profile as a Possible Predictor of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by neurodevelopmental disorders and alterations in immune function and cytokine levels. The aim of this study is to determine the salivary levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), mon...
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doaj-6e8a6b2ee853434182e3be048b1eb0e72020-11-25T03:32:02ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832020-09-0193101310110.3390/jcm9103101Salivary Cytokine Profile as a Possible Predictor of Autism Spectrum DisorderJoanna Samborska-Mazur0Anna Kostiukow1Izabela Miechowicz2Dorota Sikorska3Rafał Rutkowski4Marzena Wyganowska-Świątkowska5Katarzyna Błochowiak6Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70 Street, 60812 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 135 Street, 61545 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 7 Street, 60806 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 135 Street, 61545 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8 Street, 60806 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70 Street, 60812 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70 Street, 60812 Poznan, PolandAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by neurodevelopmental disorders and alterations in immune function and cytokine levels. The aim of this study is to determine the salivary levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Regulated on Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES), and Eotaxin in children with ASD and in healthy controlsto assess their predictive potential. We explored correlations between the cytokine levels and the neurodevelopmental disorders related to ASD. The study comprised 19 children with ASD and 19 typically developing (TD) ones. We analyzed salivary levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, MCP-1, RANTES, and eotaxin on Luminex with custom-designed 7-plex kits. The level of RANTES in ASD children was significantly lower than those of TD. In TDs, the salivary levels of IL-1β, MCP-1, and TNFα correlated positively with age. In ASD, the cytokine levels did not correlate with age. There were statistically significant differences between the RANTES level and aggression and gait disturbances, between IL-8 level and fixations/stimulations, and between IL-1β level and no active speech. The levels of the cytokine detected can manifest both systemic and local changes related to ASD. The cytokine pattern cannot be used as a sole ASD predictor, but the salivary levels may be helpful in categorizing the ASD subtype.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/10/3101autism spectrum disordersalivasalivary cytokinesRANTESneurodevelopmental disordersautism |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Joanna Samborska-Mazur Anna Kostiukow Izabela Miechowicz Dorota Sikorska Rafał Rutkowski Marzena Wyganowska-Świątkowska Katarzyna Błochowiak |
spellingShingle |
Joanna Samborska-Mazur Anna Kostiukow Izabela Miechowicz Dorota Sikorska Rafał Rutkowski Marzena Wyganowska-Świątkowska Katarzyna Błochowiak Salivary Cytokine Profile as a Possible Predictor of Autism Spectrum Disorder Journal of Clinical Medicine autism spectrum disorder saliva salivary cytokines RANTES neurodevelopmental disorders autism |
author_facet |
Joanna Samborska-Mazur Anna Kostiukow Izabela Miechowicz Dorota Sikorska Rafał Rutkowski Marzena Wyganowska-Świątkowska Katarzyna Błochowiak |
author_sort |
Joanna Samborska-Mazur |
title |
Salivary Cytokine Profile as a Possible Predictor of Autism Spectrum Disorder |
title_short |
Salivary Cytokine Profile as a Possible Predictor of Autism Spectrum Disorder |
title_full |
Salivary Cytokine Profile as a Possible Predictor of Autism Spectrum Disorder |
title_fullStr |
Salivary Cytokine Profile as a Possible Predictor of Autism Spectrum Disorder |
title_full_unstemmed |
Salivary Cytokine Profile as a Possible Predictor of Autism Spectrum Disorder |
title_sort |
salivary cytokine profile as a possible predictor of autism spectrum disorder |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Journal of Clinical Medicine |
issn |
2077-0383 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by neurodevelopmental disorders and alterations in immune function and cytokine levels. The aim of this study is to determine the salivary levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Regulated on Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES), and Eotaxin in children with ASD and in healthy controlsto assess their predictive potential. We explored correlations between the cytokine levels and the neurodevelopmental disorders related to ASD. The study comprised 19 children with ASD and 19 typically developing (TD) ones. We analyzed salivary levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, MCP-1, RANTES, and eotaxin on Luminex with custom-designed 7-plex kits. The level of RANTES in ASD children was significantly lower than those of TD. In TDs, the salivary levels of IL-1β, MCP-1, and TNFα correlated positively with age. In ASD, the cytokine levels did not correlate with age. There were statistically significant differences between the RANTES level and aggression and gait disturbances, between IL-8 level and fixations/stimulations, and between IL-1β level and no active speech. The levels of the cytokine detected can manifest both systemic and local changes related to ASD. The cytokine pattern cannot be used as a sole ASD predictor, but the salivary levels may be helpful in categorizing the ASD subtype. |
topic |
autism spectrum disorder saliva salivary cytokines RANTES neurodevelopmental disorders autism |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/10/3101 |
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