Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Perimenopausal Women With Depression: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study
ObjectiveThe anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is associated with the processing of negative emotions. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of mental disorders. We aimed to determine the changes in GABA levels in the ACC of perimenopausal women with dep...
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doaj-6eaed51c5d0341669a082dd3ccb1c9db2020-11-24T21:41:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2019-08-011310.3389/fnins.2019.00785447833Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Perimenopausal Women With Depression: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy StudyDan Wang0Xuan Wang1Meng-Ting Luo2Hui Wang3Yue-Hua Li4Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaInstitute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, ChinaDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaInstitute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaObjectiveThe anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is associated with the processing of negative emotions. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of mental disorders. We aimed to determine the changes in GABA levels in the ACC of perimenopausal women with depression.MethodsWe recruited 120 perimenopausal women, who were followed up for 18–24 months. After reaching menopause, the participants were divided into a control group (n = 71), an anxiety group (n = 30), and a depression group (n = 19). The participants were examined using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). TARQUIN software was used to calculate the GABA concentrations in the ACC before and after menopause. The relationship of the GABA levels with the patients’ scores on the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Scale and 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale was determined.ResultsGABA decreased with time. The postmenopausal GABA levels were significantly lower in the depression group than in the anxiety group and were significantly lower in both these groups than in the normal group. The postmenopausal GABA levels were significantly lower than the premenopausal levels in the normal, anxiety, and depression groups (P = 0.014, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). The premenopausal GABA levels did not significantly differ between the normal vs. anxiety group (P = 0.907), normal vs. depression group (P = 0.495), and anxiety vs. depression group. The postmenopausal GABA levels were significantly lower in the depression group than in the anxiety group and were significantly lower in both these groups than in the normal group, normal vs. anxiety group (P = 0.022), normal vs. depression group (P < 0.001), and anxiety vs. depression group (P = 0.047).ConclusionChanges in GABA concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex are related with the pathophysiological mechanism and symptoms of perimenopausal depression.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00785/fullmagnetic resonance spectroscopygamma-aminobutyric acidpostmenopausaldepressionanxietyanterior cingulate cortex |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Dan Wang Xuan Wang Meng-Ting Luo Hui Wang Yue-Hua Li |
spellingShingle |
Dan Wang Xuan Wang Meng-Ting Luo Hui Wang Yue-Hua Li Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Perimenopausal Women With Depression: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study Frontiers in Neuroscience magnetic resonance spectroscopy gamma-aminobutyric acid postmenopausal depression anxiety anterior cingulate cortex |
author_facet |
Dan Wang Xuan Wang Meng-Ting Luo Hui Wang Yue-Hua Li |
author_sort |
Dan Wang |
title |
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Perimenopausal Women With Depression: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study |
title_short |
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Perimenopausal Women With Depression: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study |
title_full |
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Perimenopausal Women With Depression: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study |
title_fullStr |
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Perimenopausal Women With Depression: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Perimenopausal Women With Depression: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study |
title_sort |
gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in the anterior cingulate cortex of perimenopausal women with depression: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Neuroscience |
issn |
1662-453X |
publishDate |
2019-08-01 |
description |
ObjectiveThe anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is associated with the processing of negative emotions. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of mental disorders. We aimed to determine the changes in GABA levels in the ACC of perimenopausal women with depression.MethodsWe recruited 120 perimenopausal women, who were followed up for 18–24 months. After reaching menopause, the participants were divided into a control group (n = 71), an anxiety group (n = 30), and a depression group (n = 19). The participants were examined using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). TARQUIN software was used to calculate the GABA concentrations in the ACC before and after menopause. The relationship of the GABA levels with the patients’ scores on the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Scale and 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale was determined.ResultsGABA decreased with time. The postmenopausal GABA levels were significantly lower in the depression group than in the anxiety group and were significantly lower in both these groups than in the normal group. The postmenopausal GABA levels were significantly lower than the premenopausal levels in the normal, anxiety, and depression groups (P = 0.014, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). The premenopausal GABA levels did not significantly differ between the normal vs. anxiety group (P = 0.907), normal vs. depression group (P = 0.495), and anxiety vs. depression group. The postmenopausal GABA levels were significantly lower in the depression group than in the anxiety group and were significantly lower in both these groups than in the normal group, normal vs. anxiety group (P = 0.022), normal vs. depression group (P < 0.001), and anxiety vs. depression group (P = 0.047).ConclusionChanges in GABA concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex are related with the pathophysiological mechanism and symptoms of perimenopausal depression. |
topic |
magnetic resonance spectroscopy gamma-aminobutyric acid postmenopausal depression anxiety anterior cingulate cortex |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00785/full |
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