Clock Genes and Altered Sleep–Wake Rhythms: Their Role in the Development of Psychiatric Disorders
In mammals, the circadian clocks network (central and peripheral oscillators) controls circadian rhythms and orchestrates the expression of a range of downstream genes, allowing the organism to anticipate and adapt to environmental changes. Beyond their role in circadian rhythms, several studies hav...
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doaj-6ee3d9a7576646bfa57c4c09f5056b082020-11-24T20:43:38ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672017-04-0118593810.3390/ijms18050938ijms18050938Clock Genes and Altered Sleep–Wake Rhythms: Their Role in the Development of Psychiatric DisordersAnnaëlle Charrier0Bertrand Olliac1Pierre Roubertoux2Sylvie Tordjman3Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent (PHUPEA), Université de Rennes 1, Centre Hospitalier Guillaume-Régnier, 154 Rue de Châtillon, Rennes 35000, FrancePôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, Centre Hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges 87025, FranceAix Marseille Université, INSERM, GMGF UMR_S 910, Marseille 13385, FrancePôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent (PHUPEA), Université de Rennes 1, Centre Hospitalier Guillaume-Régnier, 154 Rue de Châtillon, Rennes 35000, FranceIn mammals, the circadian clocks network (central and peripheral oscillators) controls circadian rhythms and orchestrates the expression of a range of downstream genes, allowing the organism to anticipate and adapt to environmental changes. Beyond their role in circadian rhythms, several studies have highlighted that circadian clock genes may have a more widespread physiological effect on cognition, mood, and reward-related behaviors. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphisms in core circadian clock genes have been associated with psychiatric disorders (such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). However, the underlying mechanisms of these associations remain to be ascertained and the cause–effect relationships are not clearly established. The objective of this article is to clarify the role of clock genes and altered sleep–wake rhythms in the development of psychiatric disorders (sleep problems are often observed at early onset of psychiatric disorders). First, the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms are described. Then, the relationships between disrupted circadian rhythms, including sleep–wake rhythms, and psychiatric disorders are discussed. Further research may open interesting perspectives with promising avenues for early detection and therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disorders.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/5/938clock genescircadian rhythmcircadian clocks networksynchronization of oscillatorssleep-wake rhythmpsychiatric disordersschizophreniaautism spectrum disordermood disordersattention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Annaëlle Charrier Bertrand Olliac Pierre Roubertoux Sylvie Tordjman |
spellingShingle |
Annaëlle Charrier Bertrand Olliac Pierre Roubertoux Sylvie Tordjman Clock Genes and Altered Sleep–Wake Rhythms: Their Role in the Development of Psychiatric Disorders International Journal of Molecular Sciences clock genes circadian rhythm circadian clocks network synchronization of oscillators sleep-wake rhythm psychiatric disorders schizophrenia autism spectrum disorder mood disorders attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
author_facet |
Annaëlle Charrier Bertrand Olliac Pierre Roubertoux Sylvie Tordjman |
author_sort |
Annaëlle Charrier |
title |
Clock Genes and Altered Sleep–Wake Rhythms: Their Role in the Development of Psychiatric Disorders |
title_short |
Clock Genes and Altered Sleep–Wake Rhythms: Their Role in the Development of Psychiatric Disorders |
title_full |
Clock Genes and Altered Sleep–Wake Rhythms: Their Role in the Development of Psychiatric Disorders |
title_fullStr |
Clock Genes and Altered Sleep–Wake Rhythms: Their Role in the Development of Psychiatric Disorders |
title_full_unstemmed |
Clock Genes and Altered Sleep–Wake Rhythms: Their Role in the Development of Psychiatric Disorders |
title_sort |
clock genes and altered sleep–wake rhythms: their role in the development of psychiatric disorders |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2017-04-01 |
description |
In mammals, the circadian clocks network (central and peripheral oscillators) controls circadian rhythms and orchestrates the expression of a range of downstream genes, allowing the organism to anticipate and adapt to environmental changes. Beyond their role in circadian rhythms, several studies have highlighted that circadian clock genes may have a more widespread physiological effect on cognition, mood, and reward-related behaviors. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphisms in core circadian clock genes have been associated with psychiatric disorders (such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). However, the underlying mechanisms of these associations remain to be ascertained and the cause–effect relationships are not clearly established. The objective of this article is to clarify the role of clock genes and altered sleep–wake rhythms in the development of psychiatric disorders (sleep problems are often observed at early onset of psychiatric disorders). First, the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms are described. Then, the relationships between disrupted circadian rhythms, including sleep–wake rhythms, and psychiatric disorders are discussed. Further research may open interesting perspectives with promising avenues for early detection and therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disorders. |
topic |
clock genes circadian rhythm circadian clocks network synchronization of oscillators sleep-wake rhythm psychiatric disorders schizophrenia autism spectrum disorder mood disorders attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/5/938 |
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1716819394597748736 |