Online handwritten Gurmukhi word recognition using fine-tuned Deep Convolutional Neural Network on offline features

• Main Authors: Sukhdeep Singh, Anuj Sharma, Vinod Kumar Chauhan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2021-09-01
• Series: Machine Learning with Applications
• Subjects: Online handwriting recognition; Word recognition; Gurmukhi; Deep learning; Convolutional neural network
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666827021000189

The recognition of online handwriting is a vital application of pattern recognition, which involves the extraction of spatial and temporal information of handwritten patterns, and understanding the handwritten text while writing on the digital surface. Although, online handwriting recognition is a mature but exciting and fast developing field of pattern recognition, the same is not true for many of the Indic scripts. Gurmukhi is one of such popular scripts of India, and online handwriting recognition issues for larger units as words or sentences largely remained unexplored for this script till date. The existing study and first ever attempt for online handwritten Gurmukhi word recognition has relied upon the widely used hidden Markov model. This existing study evaluated against and performed very well in their chosen metrics. But, the available online handwritten Gurmukhi word recognition system could not obtain more than 90% recognition accuracy in data dependent environment too. The present study provided benchmark results for online handwritten Gurmukhi word recognition using deep learning architecture convolutional neural network, and obtained above 97% recognition accuracy in data dependent mode of handwriting. The previous Gurmukhi word recognition system followed the stroke based class labeling approach, whereas the present study has followed the word based class labeling approach. Present Online handwritten Gurmukhi word recognition results are quite satisfactory. Moreover, the proposed architecture can be used to improve the benchmark results of online handwriting recognition of several major Indian scripts. Experimental results demonstrated that the deep learning system achieved great results in Gurmukhi script and outperforms existing results in the literature.