Entorrhizomycota: A New Fungal Phylum Reveals New Perspectives on the Evolution of Fungi.
Entorrhiza is a small fungal genus comprising 14 species that all cause galls on roots of Cyperaceae and Juncaceae. Although this genus was established 130 years ago, crucial questions on the phylogenetic relationships and biology of this enigmatic taxon are still unanswered. In order to infer a rob...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2015-01-01
|
Series: | PLoS ONE |
Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4511587?pdf=render |
id |
doaj-6ef50aaf57ed4e4d875d51492760073e |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-6ef50aaf57ed4e4d875d51492760073e2020-11-24T21:40:56ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032015-01-01107e012818310.1371/journal.pone.0128183Entorrhizomycota: A New Fungal Phylum Reveals New Perspectives on the Evolution of Fungi.Robert BauerSigisfredo GarnicaFranz OberwinklerKai RiessMichael WeißDominik BegerowEntorrhiza is a small fungal genus comprising 14 species that all cause galls on roots of Cyperaceae and Juncaceae. Although this genus was established 130 years ago, crucial questions on the phylogenetic relationships and biology of this enigmatic taxon are still unanswered. In order to infer a robust hypothesis about the phylogenetic position of Entorrhiza and to evaluate evolutionary trends, multiple gene sequences and morphological characteristics of Entorrhiza were analyzed and compared with respective findings in Fungi. In our comprehensive five-gene analyses Entorrhiza appeared as a highly supported monophyletic lineage representing the sister group to the rest of the Dikarya, a phylogenetic placement that received but moderate maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony bootstrap support. An alternative maximum likelihood tree with the constraint that Entorrhiza forms a monophyletic group with Basidiomycota could not be rejected. According to the first phylogenetic hypothesis, the teliospore tetrads of Entorrhiza represent the prototype of the dikaryan meiosporangium. The alternative hypothesis is supported by similarities in septal pore structure, cell wall and spindle pole bodies. Based on the isolated phylogenetic position of Entorrhiza and its peculiar combination of features related to ultrastructure and reproduction mode, we propose a new phylum Entorrhizomycota, for the genus Entorrhiza, which represents an apparently widespread group of inconspicuous fungi.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4511587?pdf=render |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Robert Bauer Sigisfredo Garnica Franz Oberwinkler Kai Riess Michael Weiß Dominik Begerow |
spellingShingle |
Robert Bauer Sigisfredo Garnica Franz Oberwinkler Kai Riess Michael Weiß Dominik Begerow Entorrhizomycota: A New Fungal Phylum Reveals New Perspectives on the Evolution of Fungi. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Robert Bauer Sigisfredo Garnica Franz Oberwinkler Kai Riess Michael Weiß Dominik Begerow |
author_sort |
Robert Bauer |
title |
Entorrhizomycota: A New Fungal Phylum Reveals New Perspectives on the Evolution of Fungi. |
title_short |
Entorrhizomycota: A New Fungal Phylum Reveals New Perspectives on the Evolution of Fungi. |
title_full |
Entorrhizomycota: A New Fungal Phylum Reveals New Perspectives on the Evolution of Fungi. |
title_fullStr |
Entorrhizomycota: A New Fungal Phylum Reveals New Perspectives on the Evolution of Fungi. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Entorrhizomycota: A New Fungal Phylum Reveals New Perspectives on the Evolution of Fungi. |
title_sort |
entorrhizomycota: a new fungal phylum reveals new perspectives on the evolution of fungi. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2015-01-01 |
description |
Entorrhiza is a small fungal genus comprising 14 species that all cause galls on roots of Cyperaceae and Juncaceae. Although this genus was established 130 years ago, crucial questions on the phylogenetic relationships and biology of this enigmatic taxon are still unanswered. In order to infer a robust hypothesis about the phylogenetic position of Entorrhiza and to evaluate evolutionary trends, multiple gene sequences and morphological characteristics of Entorrhiza were analyzed and compared with respective findings in Fungi. In our comprehensive five-gene analyses Entorrhiza appeared as a highly supported monophyletic lineage representing the sister group to the rest of the Dikarya, a phylogenetic placement that received but moderate maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony bootstrap support. An alternative maximum likelihood tree with the constraint that Entorrhiza forms a monophyletic group with Basidiomycota could not be rejected. According to the first phylogenetic hypothesis, the teliospore tetrads of Entorrhiza represent the prototype of the dikaryan meiosporangium. The alternative hypothesis is supported by similarities in septal pore structure, cell wall and spindle pole bodies. Based on the isolated phylogenetic position of Entorrhiza and its peculiar combination of features related to ultrastructure and reproduction mode, we propose a new phylum Entorrhizomycota, for the genus Entorrhiza, which represents an apparently widespread group of inconspicuous fungi. |
url |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4511587?pdf=render |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT robertbauer entorrhizomycotaanewfungalphylumrevealsnewperspectivesontheevolutionoffungi AT sigisfredogarnica entorrhizomycotaanewfungalphylumrevealsnewperspectivesontheevolutionoffungi AT franzoberwinkler entorrhizomycotaanewfungalphylumrevealsnewperspectivesontheevolutionoffungi AT kairiess entorrhizomycotaanewfungalphylumrevealsnewperspectivesontheevolutionoffungi AT michaelweiß entorrhizomycotaanewfungalphylumrevealsnewperspectivesontheevolutionoffungi AT dominikbegerow entorrhizomycotaanewfungalphylumrevealsnewperspectivesontheevolutionoffungi |
_version_ |
1725923972640407552 |