The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Mediating Resistance to Anticancer Therapies
Although advances in targeted therapies have driven great progress in cancer treatment and outcomes, drug resistance remains a major obstacle to improving patient survival. Several mechanisms are involved in developing resistance to both conventional chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies,...
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doaj-6efa8f9ab22d40af859992a47614ed222021-04-17T23:01:48ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-04-01224166416610.3390/ijms22084166The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Mediating Resistance to Anticancer TherapiesSaeideh Maleki0James Jabalee1Cathie Garnis2Postgraduate Program in Interdisciplinary Oncology, Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, CanadaPostgraduate Program in Interdisciplinary Oncology, Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, CanadaPostgraduate Program in Interdisciplinary Oncology, Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, CanadaAlthough advances in targeted therapies have driven great progress in cancer treatment and outcomes, drug resistance remains a major obstacle to improving patient survival. Several mechanisms are involved in developing resistance to both conventional chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies, including drug efflux, secondary mutations, compensatory genetic alterations occurring upstream or downstream of a drug target, oncogenic bypass, drug activation and inactivation, and DNA damage repair. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound lipid bilayer vesicles that are involved in cell–cell communication and regulating biological processes. EVs derived from cancer cells play critical roles in tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance by delivering protein and genetic material to cells of the tumor microenvironment. Understanding the biochemical and genetic mechanisms underlying drug resistance will aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Herein, we review the role of EVs as mediators of drug resistance in the context of cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/8/4166extracellular vesiclescancerchemoresistancetumor microenvironmentmiRNA |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Saeideh Maleki James Jabalee Cathie Garnis |
spellingShingle |
Saeideh Maleki James Jabalee Cathie Garnis The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Mediating Resistance to Anticancer Therapies International Journal of Molecular Sciences extracellular vesicles cancer chemoresistance tumor microenvironment miRNA |
author_facet |
Saeideh Maleki James Jabalee Cathie Garnis |
author_sort |
Saeideh Maleki |
title |
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Mediating Resistance to Anticancer Therapies |
title_short |
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Mediating Resistance to Anticancer Therapies |
title_full |
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Mediating Resistance to Anticancer Therapies |
title_fullStr |
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Mediating Resistance to Anticancer Therapies |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Mediating Resistance to Anticancer Therapies |
title_sort |
role of extracellular vesicles in mediating resistance to anticancer therapies |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Although advances in targeted therapies have driven great progress in cancer treatment and outcomes, drug resistance remains a major obstacle to improving patient survival. Several mechanisms are involved in developing resistance to both conventional chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies, including drug efflux, secondary mutations, compensatory genetic alterations occurring upstream or downstream of a drug target, oncogenic bypass, drug activation and inactivation, and DNA damage repair. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound lipid bilayer vesicles that are involved in cell–cell communication and regulating biological processes. EVs derived from cancer cells play critical roles in tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance by delivering protein and genetic material to cells of the tumor microenvironment. Understanding the biochemical and genetic mechanisms underlying drug resistance will aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Herein, we review the role of EVs as mediators of drug resistance in the context of cancer. |
topic |
extracellular vesicles cancer chemoresistance tumor microenvironment miRNA |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/8/4166 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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