Oncolytic Adenovirus in Cancer Immunotherapy
Tumor-selective replicating “oncolytic” viruses are novel and promising tools for immunotherapy of cancer. However, despite their first success in clinical trials, previous experience suggests that currently used oncolytic virus monotherapies will not be effective enough to achieve complete tumor re...
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doaj-6f00ee33a0ed4fd9b763d54fe5fcdfdc2020-11-25T04:09:44ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942020-11-01123354335410.3390/cancers12113354Oncolytic Adenovirus in Cancer ImmunotherapyMalin Peter0Florian Kühnel1Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, GermanyTumor-selective replicating “oncolytic” viruses are novel and promising tools for immunotherapy of cancer. However, despite their first success in clinical trials, previous experience suggests that currently used oncolytic virus monotherapies will not be effective enough to achieve complete tumor responses and long-term cure in a broad spectrum of cancers. Nevertheless, there are reasonable arguments that suggest advanced oncolytic viruses will play an essential role as enablers of multi-stage immunotherapies including established systemic immunotherapies. Oncolytic adenoviruses (oAds) display several features to meet this therapeutic need. oAds potently lyse infected tumor cells and induce a strong immunogenic cell death associated with tumor inflammation and induction of antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, established and versatile platforms of oAds exist, which are well suited for the incorporation of heterologous genes to optimally exploit and amplify the immunostimulatory effect of viral oncolysis. A considerable spectrum of functional genes has already been integrated in oAds to optimize particular aspects of immune stimulation including antigen presentation, T cell priming, engagement of additional effector functions, and interference with immunosuppression. These advanced concepts have the potential to play a promising future role as enablers of multi-stage immunotherapies involving adoptive cell transfer and systemic immunotherapies.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/11/3354oncolytic adenoviruscancer immunotherapymulti-stageimmunostimulatoryarming |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Malin Peter Florian Kühnel |
spellingShingle |
Malin Peter Florian Kühnel Oncolytic Adenovirus in Cancer Immunotherapy Cancers oncolytic adenovirus cancer immunotherapy multi-stage immunostimulatory arming |
author_facet |
Malin Peter Florian Kühnel |
author_sort |
Malin Peter |
title |
Oncolytic Adenovirus in Cancer Immunotherapy |
title_short |
Oncolytic Adenovirus in Cancer Immunotherapy |
title_full |
Oncolytic Adenovirus in Cancer Immunotherapy |
title_fullStr |
Oncolytic Adenovirus in Cancer Immunotherapy |
title_full_unstemmed |
Oncolytic Adenovirus in Cancer Immunotherapy |
title_sort |
oncolytic adenovirus in cancer immunotherapy |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Cancers |
issn |
2072-6694 |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
Tumor-selective replicating “oncolytic” viruses are novel and promising tools for immunotherapy of cancer. However, despite their first success in clinical trials, previous experience suggests that currently used oncolytic virus monotherapies will not be effective enough to achieve complete tumor responses and long-term cure in a broad spectrum of cancers. Nevertheless, there are reasonable arguments that suggest advanced oncolytic viruses will play an essential role as enablers of multi-stage immunotherapies including established systemic immunotherapies. Oncolytic adenoviruses (oAds) display several features to meet this therapeutic need. oAds potently lyse infected tumor cells and induce a strong immunogenic cell death associated with tumor inflammation and induction of antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, established and versatile platforms of oAds exist, which are well suited for the incorporation of heterologous genes to optimally exploit and amplify the immunostimulatory effect of viral oncolysis. A considerable spectrum of functional genes has already been integrated in oAds to optimize particular aspects of immune stimulation including antigen presentation, T cell priming, engagement of additional effector functions, and interference with immunosuppression. These advanced concepts have the potential to play a promising future role as enablers of multi-stage immunotherapies involving adoptive cell transfer and systemic immunotherapies. |
topic |
oncolytic adenovirus cancer immunotherapy multi-stage immunostimulatory arming |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/11/3354 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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