Proteomic Profiling as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Discriminating Between Bipolar and Unipolar Depression

• Main Authors: Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Tim Hahn, Frieder Haenisch, Rhiannon McNeill, Andreas Reif, Sabine Bahn
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-04-01
• Series: Frontiers in Psychiatry
• Subjects: affective disorder; bipolar disorder; major depression (MD); major depressive disorder (MDD); proteome; biomarker
• Online Access: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00189/full

IntroductionAffective disorders are a major global burden, with approximately 15% of people worldwide suffering from some form of affective disorder. In patients experiencing their first depressive episode, in most cases it cannot be distinguished whether this is due to bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD). Valid fluid biomarkers able to discriminate between the two disorders in a clinical setting are not yet available.Material and MethodsSeventy depressed patients suffering from BD (bipolar I and II subtypes) and 42 patients with major MDD were recruited and blood samples were taken for proteomic analyses after 8 h fasting. Proteomic profiles were analyzed using the Multiplex Immunoassay platform from Myriad Rules Based Medicine (Myriad RBM; Austin, Texas, USA). Human DiscoveryMAPTM was used to measure the concentration of various proteins, peptides, and small molecules. A multivariate predictive model was consequently constructed to differentiate between BD and MDD.ResultsBased on the various proteomic profiles, the algorithm could discriminate depressed BD patients from MDD patients with an accuracy of 67%.DiscussionThe results of this preliminary study suggest that future discrimination between bipolar and unipolar depression in a single case could be possible, using predictive biomarker models based on blood proteomic profiling.