Green Processes for Green Products: The Use of Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> as Green Solvent for Compatibilized Polymer Blends
Polycaprolactone-<i>g</i>-glycidyl methacrylate (PCL-<i>g</i>-GMA), a reactive interfacial agent for PCL-starch blends, is synthesized using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<sub>2</sub>) as reaction medium and relatively high molecular weight PCL (<i>M<...
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doaj-6f785ea7c3014079a51f87137f1bf7422020-11-25T00:23:58ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602018-11-011011128510.3390/polym10111285polym10111285Green Processes for Green Products: The Use of Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> as Green Solvent for Compatibilized Polymer BlendsMuhammad Iqbal0Christiaan Mensen1Xiaohua Qian2Francesco Picchioni3Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaEngineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), Chemical Product Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The NetherlandsEngineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), Chemical Product Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The NetherlandsEngineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), Chemical Product Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The NetherlandsPolycaprolactone-<i>g</i>-glycidyl methacrylate (PCL-<i>g</i>-GMA), a reactive interfacial agent for PCL-starch blends, is synthesized using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<sub>2</sub>) as reaction medium and relatively high molecular weight PCL (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 50,000). Higher GMA and radical initiator intakes lead to higher functionalization degrees (FD) for PCL-<i>g</i>-GMA samples. A mathematical model is developed to describe the correlation between monomer and initiator intake and FD values. The model shows an excellent R<sup>2</sup>-value (0.978), which implies a good fit of the experimental data. Comparison of this model with a similar one for the reaction in the melt clearly indicates a better reaction efficiency in scCO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, GPC results show that less degradation occurred for samples made in scCO<sub>2</sub>. Finally, the use of the PCL-<i>g</i>-GMA made in scCO<sub>2</sub> (as interfacial agent) in ternary blend of PCL/starch/PCL-<i>g</i>-GMA results in better mechanical properties with respect to those obtained by using the same graft-copolymer as prepared in the melt.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/10/11/1285starchpolycaprolactoneglycidyl methacrylatecompatibilizationsupercritical carbon dioxidemechanical properties |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Muhammad Iqbal Christiaan Mensen Xiaohua Qian Francesco Picchioni |
spellingShingle |
Muhammad Iqbal Christiaan Mensen Xiaohua Qian Francesco Picchioni Green Processes for Green Products: The Use of Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> as Green Solvent for Compatibilized Polymer Blends Polymers starch polycaprolactone glycidyl methacrylate compatibilization supercritical carbon dioxide mechanical properties |
author_facet |
Muhammad Iqbal Christiaan Mensen Xiaohua Qian Francesco Picchioni |
author_sort |
Muhammad Iqbal |
title |
Green Processes for Green Products: The Use of Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> as Green Solvent for Compatibilized Polymer Blends |
title_short |
Green Processes for Green Products: The Use of Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> as Green Solvent for Compatibilized Polymer Blends |
title_full |
Green Processes for Green Products: The Use of Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> as Green Solvent for Compatibilized Polymer Blends |
title_fullStr |
Green Processes for Green Products: The Use of Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> as Green Solvent for Compatibilized Polymer Blends |
title_full_unstemmed |
Green Processes for Green Products: The Use of Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> as Green Solvent for Compatibilized Polymer Blends |
title_sort |
green processes for green products: the use of supercritical co<sub>2</sub> as green solvent for compatibilized polymer blends |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2018-11-01 |
description |
Polycaprolactone-<i>g</i>-glycidyl methacrylate (PCL-<i>g</i>-GMA), a reactive interfacial agent for PCL-starch blends, is synthesized using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<sub>2</sub>) as reaction medium and relatively high molecular weight PCL (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 50,000). Higher GMA and radical initiator intakes lead to higher functionalization degrees (FD) for PCL-<i>g</i>-GMA samples. A mathematical model is developed to describe the correlation between monomer and initiator intake and FD values. The model shows an excellent R<sup>2</sup>-value (0.978), which implies a good fit of the experimental data. Comparison of this model with a similar one for the reaction in the melt clearly indicates a better reaction efficiency in scCO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, GPC results show that less degradation occurred for samples made in scCO<sub>2</sub>. Finally, the use of the PCL-<i>g</i>-GMA made in scCO<sub>2</sub> (as interfacial agent) in ternary blend of PCL/starch/PCL-<i>g</i>-GMA results in better mechanical properties with respect to those obtained by using the same graft-copolymer as prepared in the melt. |
topic |
starch polycaprolactone glycidyl methacrylate compatibilization supercritical carbon dioxide mechanical properties |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/10/11/1285 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT muhammadiqbal greenprocessesforgreenproductstheuseofsupercriticalcosub2subasgreensolventforcompatibilizedpolymerblends AT christiaanmensen greenprocessesforgreenproductstheuseofsupercriticalcosub2subasgreensolventforcompatibilizedpolymerblends AT xiaohuaqian greenprocessesforgreenproductstheuseofsupercriticalcosub2subasgreensolventforcompatibilizedpolymerblends AT francescopicchioni greenprocessesforgreenproductstheuseofsupercriticalcosub2subasgreensolventforcompatibilizedpolymerblends |
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1725354669917601792 |