Exosomal Components and Modulators in Colorectal Cancer: Novel Diagnosis and Prognosis Biomarkers
The relatively high incidence and mortality rates for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) make it a formidable malignant tumor. Comprehensive strategies have been applied to predict patient survival and diagnosis. Various clinical regimens have also been developed to improve the therapeutic outcome. Extracel...
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doaj-6f7edee198e740289a85503576b73aee2021-08-26T13:32:47ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-07-01993193110.3390/biomedicines9080931Exosomal Components and Modulators in Colorectal Cancer: Novel Diagnosis and Prognosis BiomarkersYu-Chan Chang0Ming-Hsien Chan1Chien-Hsiu Li2Chih-Yeu Fang3Michael Hsiao4Chi-Long Chen5Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, TaiwanGenomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanGenomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanNational Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, TaiwanGenomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, TaiwanThe relatively high incidence and mortality rates for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) make it a formidable malignant tumor. Comprehensive strategies have been applied to predict patient survival and diagnosis. Various clinical regimens have also been developed to improve the therapeutic outcome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recently proposed cellular structures that can be produced by natural or artificial methods and have been extensively studied. In addition to their innate functions, EVs can be manipulated to be drug carriers and exert many biological functions. The composition of EVs, their intravesicular components, and the surrounding tumor microenvironment are closely related to the development of colorectal cancer. Determining the expression profiles of exocytosis samples and using them as indicators for selecting effective combination therapy is an indispensable direction for EV study and should be regarded as a novel prediction platform in addition to cancer stage, prognosis, and other clinical assessments. In this review, we summarize the function, regulation, and application of EVs in the colon cancer research field. We provide an update on and discuss potential values for clinical applications of EVs. Moreover, we illustrate the specific markers, mediators, and genetic alterations of EVs in colorectal carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we outline the vital markers present in the EVs and discuss their plausible uses in colon cancer patient therapy in combination with the currently used clinical strategies. The development and application of these EVs will significantly improve the accuracy of diagnosis, lead to more precise prognoses, and may lead to the improved treatment of colorectal cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/8/931extracellular vesiclesapplicationsregulationbiomarkerscolorectal cancer |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yu-Chan Chang Ming-Hsien Chan Chien-Hsiu Li Chih-Yeu Fang Michael Hsiao Chi-Long Chen |
spellingShingle |
Yu-Chan Chang Ming-Hsien Chan Chien-Hsiu Li Chih-Yeu Fang Michael Hsiao Chi-Long Chen Exosomal Components and Modulators in Colorectal Cancer: Novel Diagnosis and Prognosis Biomarkers Biomedicines extracellular vesicles applications regulation biomarkers colorectal cancer |
author_facet |
Yu-Chan Chang Ming-Hsien Chan Chien-Hsiu Li Chih-Yeu Fang Michael Hsiao Chi-Long Chen |
author_sort |
Yu-Chan Chang |
title |
Exosomal Components and Modulators in Colorectal Cancer: Novel Diagnosis and Prognosis Biomarkers |
title_short |
Exosomal Components and Modulators in Colorectal Cancer: Novel Diagnosis and Prognosis Biomarkers |
title_full |
Exosomal Components and Modulators in Colorectal Cancer: Novel Diagnosis and Prognosis Biomarkers |
title_fullStr |
Exosomal Components and Modulators in Colorectal Cancer: Novel Diagnosis and Prognosis Biomarkers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Exosomal Components and Modulators in Colorectal Cancer: Novel Diagnosis and Prognosis Biomarkers |
title_sort |
exosomal components and modulators in colorectal cancer: novel diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Biomedicines |
issn |
2227-9059 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
The relatively high incidence and mortality rates for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) make it a formidable malignant tumor. Comprehensive strategies have been applied to predict patient survival and diagnosis. Various clinical regimens have also been developed to improve the therapeutic outcome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recently proposed cellular structures that can be produced by natural or artificial methods and have been extensively studied. In addition to their innate functions, EVs can be manipulated to be drug carriers and exert many biological functions. The composition of EVs, their intravesicular components, and the surrounding tumor microenvironment are closely related to the development of colorectal cancer. Determining the expression profiles of exocytosis samples and using them as indicators for selecting effective combination therapy is an indispensable direction for EV study and should be regarded as a novel prediction platform in addition to cancer stage, prognosis, and other clinical assessments. In this review, we summarize the function, regulation, and application of EVs in the colon cancer research field. We provide an update on and discuss potential values for clinical applications of EVs. Moreover, we illustrate the specific markers, mediators, and genetic alterations of EVs in colorectal carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we outline the vital markers present in the EVs and discuss their plausible uses in colon cancer patient therapy in combination with the currently used clinical strategies. The development and application of these EVs will significantly improve the accuracy of diagnosis, lead to more precise prognoses, and may lead to the improved treatment of colorectal cancer. |
topic |
extracellular vesicles applications regulation biomarkers colorectal cancer |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/8/931 |
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