The Use of Yeast Mixed Cultures for Deacidification and Improvement of the Composition of Cold Climate Grape Wines

• Main Authors: Monika Cioch-Skoneczny, Michał Grabowski, Paweł Satora, Szymon Skoneczny, Krystian Klimczak
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-04-01
• Series: Molecules
• Subjects: non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> yeast; mixed cultures; biological deacidification; volatile compounds; organic acids
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/9/2628

Interest in the use of non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> yeast in mixed cultures is increasing due to the perceived improvement in the quality and complexity of the resulting wines. The aim of the study was to determine the ability of monocultures and mixed yeast cultures for deacidification and improvement of the composition of cold climate grape wines. Fermentation of grape musts with increased total acidity was carried out with the use of monocultures of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> MH020215 (Sc), <i>Zygosaccharomyces bailii</i> 749 (Zb) and <i>Metschnikowia pulcherrima</i> MG970690 (Mp), and their mixed cultures, inoculated simultaneously and sequentially. Oenological parameters, organic acids and volatile compounds profiles of obtained wines were characterized. The fermentation kinetics and analytical profiles of the obtained wines showed that the use of mixed yeast cultures contributed to the reduction of volatile acidity and acetic acid content in the wines, as well as obtaining a favorable aromatic profile of the wines. The dominant higher alcohols in all wines were 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol. Significantly higher amounts of the first two compounds were found in wines obtained with <i>M. pulcherrima</i> MG070690, both in monoculture and in mixed cultures. The monocultures of <i>M. pulcherrima</i> MG070690 (Mp) compared with <i>Z. bailli</i> 749 (Zb) synthesized higher levels of esters in wines, including ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, isobutyl acetate, ethyl pyroracemate and isoamyl acetate.