Detection of Ascaris lumbricoides infection by ABA-1 coproantigen ELISA.
Intestinal worms, or soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), affect hundreds of millions of people in all tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The most prevalent STH is Ascaris lumbricoides. Through large-scale deworming programs, World Health Organization aims to reduce morbidity, caused by mo...
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doaj-70c60793b17244a79d5730f2ffdacbf92021-03-03T08:32:20ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352020-10-011410e000880710.1371/journal.pntd.0008807Detection of Ascaris lumbricoides infection by ABA-1 coproantigen ELISA.Ole LagatieAnn VerheyenKim Van HoofDax LauwersMaurice R OdiereJohnny VlaminckBruno LeveckeLieven J StuyverIntestinal worms, or soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), affect hundreds of millions of people in all tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The most prevalent STH is Ascaris lumbricoides. Through large-scale deworming programs, World Health Organization aims to reduce morbidity, caused by moderate-to-heavy intensity infections, below 2%. In order to monitor these control programs, stool samples are examined microscopically for the presence of worm eggs. This procedure requires well-trained personnel and is known to show variability between different operators interpreting the slides. We have investigated whether ABA-1, one of the excretory-secretory products of A. lumbricoides can be used as a coproantigen marker for infection with this parasite. Polyclonal antibodies were generated and a coproantigen ELISA was developed. Using this ELISA, it was found that ABA-1 in stool detected Ascaris infection with a sensitivity of 91.5% and a specificity of 95.3%. Our results also demonstrate that there is a correlation between ABA-1 levels in stool and A. lumbricoides DNA detected in stool. Using a threshold of 18.2 ng/g stool the ABA-1 ELISA correctly assigned 68.4% of infected individuals to the moderate-to-heavy intensity infection group, with a specificity of 97.1%. Furthermore, the levels of ABA-1 in stool were shown to rapidly and strongly decrease upon administration of a standard anthelminthic treatment (single oral dose of 400 mg albendazole). In an Ascaris suum infection model in pigs, it was found that ABA-1 remained undetectable until day 28 and was detected at day 42 or 56, concurrent with the appearance of worm eggs in the stool. This report demonstrates that ABA-1 can be considered an Ascaris -specific coproantigen marker that can be used to monitor infection intensity. It also opens the path for development of point-of-care immunoassay-based tests to determine A. lumbricoides infection in stool at the sample collection site.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008807 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ole Lagatie Ann Verheyen Kim Van Hoof Dax Lauwers Maurice R Odiere Johnny Vlaminck Bruno Levecke Lieven J Stuyver |
spellingShingle |
Ole Lagatie Ann Verheyen Kim Van Hoof Dax Lauwers Maurice R Odiere Johnny Vlaminck Bruno Levecke Lieven J Stuyver Detection of Ascaris lumbricoides infection by ABA-1 coproantigen ELISA. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
author_facet |
Ole Lagatie Ann Verheyen Kim Van Hoof Dax Lauwers Maurice R Odiere Johnny Vlaminck Bruno Levecke Lieven J Stuyver |
author_sort |
Ole Lagatie |
title |
Detection of Ascaris lumbricoides infection by ABA-1 coproantigen ELISA. |
title_short |
Detection of Ascaris lumbricoides infection by ABA-1 coproantigen ELISA. |
title_full |
Detection of Ascaris lumbricoides infection by ABA-1 coproantigen ELISA. |
title_fullStr |
Detection of Ascaris lumbricoides infection by ABA-1 coproantigen ELISA. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Detection of Ascaris lumbricoides infection by ABA-1 coproantigen ELISA. |
title_sort |
detection of ascaris lumbricoides infection by aba-1 coproantigen elisa. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
issn |
1935-2727 1935-2735 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Intestinal worms, or soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), affect hundreds of millions of people in all tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The most prevalent STH is Ascaris lumbricoides. Through large-scale deworming programs, World Health Organization aims to reduce morbidity, caused by moderate-to-heavy intensity infections, below 2%. In order to monitor these control programs, stool samples are examined microscopically for the presence of worm eggs. This procedure requires well-trained personnel and is known to show variability between different operators interpreting the slides. We have investigated whether ABA-1, one of the excretory-secretory products of A. lumbricoides can be used as a coproantigen marker for infection with this parasite. Polyclonal antibodies were generated and a coproantigen ELISA was developed. Using this ELISA, it was found that ABA-1 in stool detected Ascaris infection with a sensitivity of 91.5% and a specificity of 95.3%. Our results also demonstrate that there is a correlation between ABA-1 levels in stool and A. lumbricoides DNA detected in stool. Using a threshold of 18.2 ng/g stool the ABA-1 ELISA correctly assigned 68.4% of infected individuals to the moderate-to-heavy intensity infection group, with a specificity of 97.1%. Furthermore, the levels of ABA-1 in stool were shown to rapidly and strongly decrease upon administration of a standard anthelminthic treatment (single oral dose of 400 mg albendazole). In an Ascaris suum infection model in pigs, it was found that ABA-1 remained undetectable until day 28 and was detected at day 42 or 56, concurrent with the appearance of worm eggs in the stool. This report demonstrates that ABA-1 can be considered an Ascaris -specific coproantigen marker that can be used to monitor infection intensity. It also opens the path for development of point-of-care immunoassay-based tests to determine A. lumbricoides infection in stool at the sample collection site. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008807 |
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