Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: Is mortality decreasing?

Introduction: Infection remains a major complication among heart transplant (HT) recipients, causing approximately 20% of deaths in the first year after transplantation. In this population, Aspergillus spp. can have various clinical presentations including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), wit...

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Main Authors: Eduardo Flores-Umanzor, Juan Betuel Ivey-Miranda, Margarida Pujol-Lopez, Pedro Cepas-Guillen, Andrea Fernandez-Valledor, Guillen Caldentey, Marta Farrero, Ana García, Marta Sitges, Felix Perez-Villa, Asunción Moreno, Rut Andrea, María A. Castel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2019-07-01
Series:Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255119304639
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language English
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author Eduardo Flores-Umanzor
Juan Betuel Ivey-Miranda
Margarida Pujol-Lopez
Pedro Cepas-Guillen
Andrea Fernandez-Valledor
Guillen Caldentey
Marta Farrero
Ana García
Marta Sitges
Felix Perez-Villa
Asunción Moreno
Rut Andrea
María A. Castel
spellingShingle Eduardo Flores-Umanzor
Juan Betuel Ivey-Miranda
Margarida Pujol-Lopez
Pedro Cepas-Guillen
Andrea Fernandez-Valledor
Guillen Caldentey
Marta Farrero
Ana García
Marta Sitges
Felix Perez-Villa
Asunción Moreno
Rut Andrea
María A. Castel
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: Is mortality decreasing?
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
author_facet Eduardo Flores-Umanzor
Juan Betuel Ivey-Miranda
Margarida Pujol-Lopez
Pedro Cepas-Guillen
Andrea Fernandez-Valledor
Guillen Caldentey
Marta Farrero
Ana García
Marta Sitges
Felix Perez-Villa
Asunción Moreno
Rut Andrea
María A. Castel
author_sort Eduardo Flores-Umanzor
title Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: Is mortality decreasing?
title_short Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: Is mortality decreasing?
title_full Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: Is mortality decreasing?
title_fullStr Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: Is mortality decreasing?
title_full_unstemmed Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: Is mortality decreasing?
title_sort invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: is mortality decreasing?
publisher Elsevier
series Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
issn 0870-2551
publishDate 2019-07-01
description Introduction: Infection remains a major complication among heart transplant (HT) recipients, causing approximately 20% of deaths in the first year after transplantation. In this population, Aspergillus spp. can have various clinical presentations including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), with high mortality (53-78%). Objectives: To establish the characteristics of IPA infection in HT recipients and their outcomes in our center. Methods: Among 328 HTs performed in our center between 1998 and 2016, we identified five cases of IPA. Patient medical records were examined and clinical variables were extracted. Results: All cases were male, and mean age was 62 years. The most common indication for HT was non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Productive cough was reported as the main symptom. The radiological assessment was based on chest X-ray and chest computed tomography. The most commonly reported radiographic abnormality was multiple nodular opacities in both techniques. Bronchoscopy was performed in all patients and Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated in four cases on bronchoalveolar lavage culture. Treatment included amphotericin in four patients, subsequently changed to voriconazole in three, and posaconazole in one patient, with total treatment lasting an average of 12 months. Neutropenia was found in only one patient, renal failure was observed in two patients, and concurrent cytomegalovirus infection in three patients. All patients were alive after a mean follow-up of 18 months. Conclusions: IPA is a potentially lethal complication after HT. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of aggressive treatment are the cornerstone of better survival. Resumo: Introdução: A infeção continua a ser uma complicação major nos recipientes para transplante cardíaco (TC), causando cerca de 20% de mortes no primeiro ano após o transplante. Nestes doentes, o Aspergillus species pode levar a várias apresentações clínicas incluindo a aspergilose pulmonar invasiva (API), com uma mortalidade elevada (53% a 78%). Objetivos: Estabelecer as características da infeção por API nos recipientes para TC e os respetivos resultados no nosso serviço. Métodos: Dos 328 transplantes cardíacos realizados no nosso centro entre 1998 e 2016, identificámos cinco casos de API. Foram examinados os registos dos doentes e foram identificadas variáveis clínicas. Resultados: Em todos os casos os doentes eram do sexo masculino com idade média de 62 anos. A indicação mais comum para TC foi a miocardiopatia não isquémica dilatada. O principal sintoma foi tosse produtiva. A avaliação radiológica baseou-se na radiografia e na TAC torácicas. A alteração radiológica mais comum foi a densidade nodular múltipla em ambas as técnicas. A broncoscopia foi realizada em todos os doentes e o Aspergillus fumigatus foi isolado em quatro casos de cultura BAL. O tratamento incluiu anfotericina em quatro doentes com alteração subsequente para voriconazol em três doentes e posaconazol num doente, tendo o tratamento durado uma média de 12 meses. A neutropenia foi encontrada num doente apenas, a insuficiência renal foi observada em dois doentes e a infeção por CMV ocorreu em três doentes. Todos os doentes sobreviveram após seguimento de 18 meses. Conclusão: A API representa uma complicação potencialmente mortal após o TC. Um diagnóstico precoce e a iniciação de um tratamento rapidamente agressivo constituem a pedra angular para uma melhor sobrevivência. Keywords: Heart transplantation, Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, Immunosuppression, Palavras-chave: Transplante cardíaco, Aspergilose pulmonar invasiva, Imunossupressão
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255119304639
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spelling doaj-70e07e3d9c3146bd92da1c2322931ad62020-11-25T02:38:46ZengElsevierRevista Portuguesa de Cardiologia0870-25512019-07-01387497501Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplant recipients: Is mortality decreasing?Eduardo Flores-Umanzor0Juan Betuel Ivey-Miranda1Margarida Pujol-Lopez2Pedro Cepas-Guillen3Andrea Fernandez-Valledor4Guillen Caldentey5Marta Farrero6Ana García7Marta Sitges8Felix Perez-Villa9Asunción Moreno10Rut Andrea11María A. Castel12University of Barcelona, Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Corresponding author.University of Barcelona, Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Department of Cardiology, Cardiology Hospital, Mexico City, MexicoUniversity of Barcelona, Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Barcelona, SpainUniversity of Barcelona, Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Barcelona, SpainUniversity of Barcelona, Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Barcelona, SpainUniversity of Barcelona, Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Barcelona, SpainUniversity of Barcelona, Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Barcelona, SpainUniversity of Barcelona, Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Barcelona, SpainUniversity of Barcelona, Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Barcelona, SpainUniversity of Barcelona, Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Barcelona, SpainUniversity of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic, Infectious Disease Department, Barcelona, SpainUniversity of Barcelona, Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Barcelona, SpainUniversity of Barcelona, Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Barcelona, SpainIntroduction: Infection remains a major complication among heart transplant (HT) recipients, causing approximately 20% of deaths in the first year after transplantation. In this population, Aspergillus spp. can have various clinical presentations including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), with high mortality (53-78%). Objectives: To establish the characteristics of IPA infection in HT recipients and their outcomes in our center. Methods: Among 328 HTs performed in our center between 1998 and 2016, we identified five cases of IPA. Patient medical records were examined and clinical variables were extracted. Results: All cases were male, and mean age was 62 years. The most common indication for HT was non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Productive cough was reported as the main symptom. The radiological assessment was based on chest X-ray and chest computed tomography. The most commonly reported radiographic abnormality was multiple nodular opacities in both techniques. Bronchoscopy was performed in all patients and Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated in four cases on bronchoalveolar lavage culture. Treatment included amphotericin in four patients, subsequently changed to voriconazole in three, and posaconazole in one patient, with total treatment lasting an average of 12 months. Neutropenia was found in only one patient, renal failure was observed in two patients, and concurrent cytomegalovirus infection in three patients. All patients were alive after a mean follow-up of 18 months. Conclusions: IPA is a potentially lethal complication after HT. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of aggressive treatment are the cornerstone of better survival. Resumo: Introdução: A infeção continua a ser uma complicação major nos recipientes para transplante cardíaco (TC), causando cerca de 20% de mortes no primeiro ano após o transplante. Nestes doentes, o Aspergillus species pode levar a várias apresentações clínicas incluindo a aspergilose pulmonar invasiva (API), com uma mortalidade elevada (53% a 78%). Objetivos: Estabelecer as características da infeção por API nos recipientes para TC e os respetivos resultados no nosso serviço. Métodos: Dos 328 transplantes cardíacos realizados no nosso centro entre 1998 e 2016, identificámos cinco casos de API. Foram examinados os registos dos doentes e foram identificadas variáveis clínicas. Resultados: Em todos os casos os doentes eram do sexo masculino com idade média de 62 anos. A indicação mais comum para TC foi a miocardiopatia não isquémica dilatada. O principal sintoma foi tosse produtiva. A avaliação radiológica baseou-se na radiografia e na TAC torácicas. A alteração radiológica mais comum foi a densidade nodular múltipla em ambas as técnicas. A broncoscopia foi realizada em todos os doentes e o Aspergillus fumigatus foi isolado em quatro casos de cultura BAL. O tratamento incluiu anfotericina em quatro doentes com alteração subsequente para voriconazol em três doentes e posaconazol num doente, tendo o tratamento durado uma média de 12 meses. A neutropenia foi encontrada num doente apenas, a insuficiência renal foi observada em dois doentes e a infeção por CMV ocorreu em três doentes. Todos os doentes sobreviveram após seguimento de 18 meses. Conclusão: A API representa uma complicação potencialmente mortal após o TC. Um diagnóstico precoce e a iniciação de um tratamento rapidamente agressivo constituem a pedra angular para uma melhor sobrevivência. Keywords: Heart transplantation, Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, Immunosuppression, Palavras-chave: Transplante cardíaco, Aspergilose pulmonar invasiva, Imunossupressãohttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255119304639