Temporal trends of gestational malaria in the United States

• Main Authors: Justin Alexander, Deepa Dongarwar, Emmanuella Oduguwa, Larianna Varnado, Adesola Adenote, Jade Bailey, Chibueze Ezeudu, Patrice Nelson, Alexis Shavers, Abimbola Telufusi, Kiara K. Spooner, Jason L. Salemi, Omonike A. Olaleye, Hamisu M. Salihu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2020-11-01
• Series: Parasite Epidemiology and Control
• Subjects: Gestational malaria; Trends; US; Maternal-fetal complications
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240567312030060X

Background: Although regarded as rare in the United States (US), increased global traffic and importation of malaria from endemic countries may lead to a rise in gestational malaria in the US. Methods: This multi-year retrospective study analyzed trends in diagnosed cases of gestational malaria from 2002 to 2017 using joinpoint regression models. We also assessed the association between gestational malaria and selected maternal-fetal adverse outcomes. Results: Mothers diagnosed with gestational malaria tended to be older, and the majority of diagnosed cases (52.9%) were among Non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks. Diagnosed cases of gestational malaria are on the rise in the US. Mothers diagnosed with gestational malaria were 5 times as likely (OR = 5.05, 95% CI: 4.05–6.29) to be anemic as compared to those without malaria. Compared to NH-Whites, NH-Black mothers were twice as likely to experience stillbirth, had nearly 50% greater adjusted odds of severe preeclampsia, and had about 30% elevated likelihood for preterm labor. Conclusions: There is a need to dedicate appropriate resources to identify women that are at risk for gestational malaria in order to prevent related pregnancy complications.