Spatial and Temporal Variability in Precipitation Concentration over Mainland China, 1961–2017
Understanding the patterns and mechanisms of precipitation variations is important for assessing flood and drought risks and for ensuring sustainable water use. Here, we analyzed the characteristics of annual precipitation changes in eight subregions of China using the Mann−Kendall test ba...
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doaj-72713dac1a044e06bb9d4267a865f4042020-11-25T00:52:42ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412019-04-0111588110.3390/w11050881w11050881Spatial and Temporal Variability in Precipitation Concentration over Mainland China, 1961–2017Yujie Lu0Shanhu Jiang1Liliang Ren2Linqi Zhang3Menghao Wang4Ruolan Liu5Linyong Wei6State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaUnderstanding the patterns and mechanisms of precipitation variations is important for assessing flood and drought risks and for ensuring sustainable water use. Here, we analyzed the characteristics of annual precipitation changes in eight subregions of China using the Mann−Kendall test based on daily precipitation data from 774 rain gauge stations during 1961−2017. Then, we used the monthly precipitation concentration index (PCI) and daily concentration index (CI) to analyze precipitation concentrations. The results are as follows: (1) PCI and CI in northern China generally decreased with time, indicating a uniform precipitation distribution. Notably, the annual precipitation increased significantly in Xinjiang and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which could alleviate future drought. (2) PCI increased and CI decreased in the plain regions of the Yangtze River and Southeast China, exhibiting high CI values with marked increases of annual precipitation. Such heavy rainfall events combined with high rainfall concentrations could increase the flood risk. (3) A significant PCI increase and CI decrease occurred in Southwest China, where annual precipitation decreased significantly. Regular rainfall decreased notably, which could increase the likelihood of drought hazards. (4) Overall, both indices showed negative trends at most stations; precipitation distribution was generally more uniform over China. These findings improve our understanding of extreme rainfall evolution and water resource distribution over China. Furthermore, PCI and CI can serve as warning tools for disaster control and water resource management.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/5/881precipitation concentrationconcentration indexspatial distributiontemporal variabilityregionalization |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yujie Lu Shanhu Jiang Liliang Ren Linqi Zhang Menghao Wang Ruolan Liu Linyong Wei |
spellingShingle |
Yujie Lu Shanhu Jiang Liliang Ren Linqi Zhang Menghao Wang Ruolan Liu Linyong Wei Spatial and Temporal Variability in Precipitation Concentration over Mainland China, 1961–2017 Water precipitation concentration concentration index spatial distribution temporal variability regionalization |
author_facet |
Yujie Lu Shanhu Jiang Liliang Ren Linqi Zhang Menghao Wang Ruolan Liu Linyong Wei |
author_sort |
Yujie Lu |
title |
Spatial and Temporal Variability in Precipitation Concentration over Mainland China, 1961–2017 |
title_short |
Spatial and Temporal Variability in Precipitation Concentration over Mainland China, 1961–2017 |
title_full |
Spatial and Temporal Variability in Precipitation Concentration over Mainland China, 1961–2017 |
title_fullStr |
Spatial and Temporal Variability in Precipitation Concentration over Mainland China, 1961–2017 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spatial and Temporal Variability in Precipitation Concentration over Mainland China, 1961–2017 |
title_sort |
spatial and temporal variability in precipitation concentration over mainland china, 1961–2017 |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Water |
issn |
2073-4441 |
publishDate |
2019-04-01 |
description |
Understanding the patterns and mechanisms of precipitation variations is important for assessing flood and drought risks and for ensuring sustainable water use. Here, we analyzed the characteristics of annual precipitation changes in eight subregions of China using the Mann−Kendall test based on daily precipitation data from 774 rain gauge stations during 1961−2017. Then, we used the monthly precipitation concentration index (PCI) and daily concentration index (CI) to analyze precipitation concentrations. The results are as follows: (1) PCI and CI in northern China generally decreased with time, indicating a uniform precipitation distribution. Notably, the annual precipitation increased significantly in Xinjiang and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which could alleviate future drought. (2) PCI increased and CI decreased in the plain regions of the Yangtze River and Southeast China, exhibiting high CI values with marked increases of annual precipitation. Such heavy rainfall events combined with high rainfall concentrations could increase the flood risk. (3) A significant PCI increase and CI decrease occurred in Southwest China, where annual precipitation decreased significantly. Regular rainfall decreased notably, which could increase the likelihood of drought hazards. (4) Overall, both indices showed negative trends at most stations; precipitation distribution was generally more uniform over China. These findings improve our understanding of extreme rainfall evolution and water resource distribution over China. Furthermore, PCI and CI can serve as warning tools for disaster control and water resource management. |
topic |
precipitation concentration concentration index spatial distribution temporal variability regionalization |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/5/881 |
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