Evolutionary Patterns of Non-Coding RNA in Cardiovascular Biology
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) affect the heart and the vascular system with a high prevalence and place a huge burden on society as well as the healthcare system. These complex diseases are often the result of multiple genetic and environmental risk factors and pose a great challenge to understandi...
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doaj-727eed441f6c4cedbcf33db64d6fe7b62020-11-25T01:01:02ZengMDPI AGNon-Coding RNA2311-553X2019-01-01511510.3390/ncrna5010015ncrna5010015Evolutionary Patterns of Non-Coding RNA in Cardiovascular BiologyShrey Gandhi0Frank Ruehle1Monika Stoll2Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, GermanyInstitute of Human Genetics, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, GermanyInstitute of Human Genetics, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, GermanyCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) affect the heart and the vascular system with a high prevalence and place a huge burden on society as well as the healthcare system. These complex diseases are often the result of multiple genetic and environmental risk factors and pose a great challenge to understanding their etiology and consequences. With the advent of next generation sequencing, many non-coding RNA transcripts, especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been linked to the pathogenesis of CVD. Despite increasing evidence, the proper functional characterization of most of these molecules is still lacking. The exploration of conservation of sequences across related species has been used to functionally annotate protein coding genes. In contrast, the rapid evolutionary turnover and weak sequence conservation of lncRNAs make it difficult to characterize functional homologs for these sequences. Recent studies have tried to explore other dimensions of interspecies conservation to elucidate the functional role of these novel transcripts. In this review, we summarize various methodologies adopted to explore the evolutionary conservation of cardiovascular non-coding RNAs at sequence, secondary structure, syntenic, and expression level.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-553X/5/1/15non-coding RNAcardiovascular diseaseevolutionary conservationlncRNAcircular RNAmiRNA |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Shrey Gandhi Frank Ruehle Monika Stoll |
spellingShingle |
Shrey Gandhi Frank Ruehle Monika Stoll Evolutionary Patterns of Non-Coding RNA in Cardiovascular Biology Non-Coding RNA non-coding RNA cardiovascular disease evolutionary conservation lncRNA circular RNA miRNA |
author_facet |
Shrey Gandhi Frank Ruehle Monika Stoll |
author_sort |
Shrey Gandhi |
title |
Evolutionary Patterns of Non-Coding RNA in Cardiovascular Biology |
title_short |
Evolutionary Patterns of Non-Coding RNA in Cardiovascular Biology |
title_full |
Evolutionary Patterns of Non-Coding RNA in Cardiovascular Biology |
title_fullStr |
Evolutionary Patterns of Non-Coding RNA in Cardiovascular Biology |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evolutionary Patterns of Non-Coding RNA in Cardiovascular Biology |
title_sort |
evolutionary patterns of non-coding rna in cardiovascular biology |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Non-Coding RNA |
issn |
2311-553X |
publishDate |
2019-01-01 |
description |
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) affect the heart and the vascular system with a high prevalence and place a huge burden on society as well as the healthcare system. These complex diseases are often the result of multiple genetic and environmental risk factors and pose a great challenge to understanding their etiology and consequences. With the advent of next generation sequencing, many non-coding RNA transcripts, especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been linked to the pathogenesis of CVD. Despite increasing evidence, the proper functional characterization of most of these molecules is still lacking. The exploration of conservation of sequences across related species has been used to functionally annotate protein coding genes. In contrast, the rapid evolutionary turnover and weak sequence conservation of lncRNAs make it difficult to characterize functional homologs for these sequences. Recent studies have tried to explore other dimensions of interspecies conservation to elucidate the functional role of these novel transcripts. In this review, we summarize various methodologies adopted to explore the evolutionary conservation of cardiovascular non-coding RNAs at sequence, secondary structure, syntenic, and expression level. |
topic |
non-coding RNA cardiovascular disease evolutionary conservation lncRNA circular RNA miRNA |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2311-553X/5/1/15 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT shreygandhi evolutionarypatternsofnoncodingrnaincardiovascularbiology AT frankruehle evolutionarypatternsofnoncodingrnaincardiovascularbiology AT monikastoll evolutionarypatternsofnoncodingrnaincardiovascularbiology |
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