Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA
The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) in South Texas has one of the highest prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the United States (US). We report for the first time the T2D prevalence in persons with HIV (PWH) in the RGV and the interrelationship between T2D, cardiometabolic risk factors, HIV-r...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-07-01
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.676979/full |
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Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga Dora A. Martinez Alvaro Diaz-Badillo Liza D. Morales Rector Arya Christopher P. Jenkinson Joanne E. Curran Donna M. Lehman John Blangero Ravindranath Duggirala Srinivas Mummidi Ruben D. Martinez |
spellingShingle |
Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga Dora A. Martinez Alvaro Diaz-Badillo Liza D. Morales Rector Arya Christopher P. Jenkinson Joanne E. Curran Donna M. Lehman John Blangero Ravindranath Duggirala Srinivas Mummidi Ruben D. Martinez Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA Frontiers in Medicine South Texas AIDS type 2 diabetes HIV Mexican Americans antiretroviral treatment |
author_facet |
Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga Dora A. Martinez Alvaro Diaz-Badillo Liza D. Morales Rector Arya Christopher P. Jenkinson Joanne E. Curran Donna M. Lehman John Blangero Ravindranath Duggirala Srinivas Mummidi Ruben D. Martinez |
author_sort |
Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga |
title |
Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA |
title_short |
Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA |
title_full |
Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA |
title_fullStr |
Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA |
title_full_unstemmed |
Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA |
title_sort |
association of hiv-1 infection and antiretroviral therapy with type 2 diabetes in the hispanic population of the rio grande valley, texas, usa |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Medicine |
issn |
2296-858X |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) in South Texas has one of the highest prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the United States (US). We report for the first time the T2D prevalence in persons with HIV (PWH) in the RGV and the interrelationship between T2D, cardiometabolic risk factors, HIV-related indices, and antiretroviral therapies (ART). The PWH in this study received medical care at Valley AIDS Council (VAC) clinic sites located in Harlingen and McAllen, Texas. Henceforth, this cohort will be referred to as Valley AIDS Council Cohort (VACC). Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using retrospective data obtained from 1,827 registries. It included demographic and anthropometric variables, cardiometabolic traits, and HIV-related virological and immunological indices. For descriptive statistics, we used mean values of the quantitative variables from unbalanced visits across 20 months. Robust regression methods were used to determine the associations. For comparisons, we used cardiometabolic trait data obtained from HIV-uninfected San Antonio Mexican American Family Studies (SAMAFS; N = 2,498), and the Mexican American population in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES; N = 5,989). The prevalence of T2D in VACC was 51% compared to 27% in SAMAFS and 19% in HHANES, respectively. The PWH with T2D in VACC were younger (4.7 years) and had lower BMI (BMI 2.43 units less) when compared to SAMAFS individuals. In contrast, VACC individuals had increased blood pressure and dyslipidemia. The increased T2D prevalence in VACC was independent of BMI. Within the VACC, ART was associated with viral load and CD4+ T cell counts but not with metabolic dysfunction. Notably, we found that individuals with any INSTI combination had higher T2D risk: OR 2.08 (95%CI 1.67, 2.6; p < 0.001). In summary, our results suggest that VACC individuals may develop T2D at younger ages independent of obesity. The high burden of T2D in these individuals necessitates rigorously designed longitudinal studies to draw potential causal inferences and develop better treatment regimens. |
topic |
South Texas AIDS type 2 diabetes HIV Mexican Americans antiretroviral treatment |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.676979/full |
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doaj-729bbcce512945e28ee9f1684f2b99ea2021-07-05T05:31:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2021-07-01810.3389/fmed.2021.676979676979Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USAJuan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga0Dora A. Martinez1Alvaro Diaz-Badillo2Liza D. Morales3Rector Arya4Christopher P. Jenkinson5Joanne E. Curran6Donna M. Lehman7John Blangero8Ravindranath Duggirala9Srinivas Mummidi10Ruben D. Martinez11Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United StatesValley AIDS Council, Harlingen, TX, United StatesDepartment of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United StatesDepartment of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United StatesDepartment of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United StatesDepartment of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United StatesDepartment of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United StatesDepartment of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United StatesDepartment of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United StatesDepartment of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United StatesValley AIDS Council, Harlingen, TX, United StatesThe Rio Grande Valley (RGV) in South Texas has one of the highest prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the United States (US). We report for the first time the T2D prevalence in persons with HIV (PWH) in the RGV and the interrelationship between T2D, cardiometabolic risk factors, HIV-related indices, and antiretroviral therapies (ART). The PWH in this study received medical care at Valley AIDS Council (VAC) clinic sites located in Harlingen and McAllen, Texas. Henceforth, this cohort will be referred to as Valley AIDS Council Cohort (VACC). Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using retrospective data obtained from 1,827 registries. It included demographic and anthropometric variables, cardiometabolic traits, and HIV-related virological and immunological indices. For descriptive statistics, we used mean values of the quantitative variables from unbalanced visits across 20 months. Robust regression methods were used to determine the associations. For comparisons, we used cardiometabolic trait data obtained from HIV-uninfected San Antonio Mexican American Family Studies (SAMAFS; N = 2,498), and the Mexican American population in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES; N = 5,989). The prevalence of T2D in VACC was 51% compared to 27% in SAMAFS and 19% in HHANES, respectively. The PWH with T2D in VACC were younger (4.7 years) and had lower BMI (BMI 2.43 units less) when compared to SAMAFS individuals. In contrast, VACC individuals had increased blood pressure and dyslipidemia. The increased T2D prevalence in VACC was independent of BMI. Within the VACC, ART was associated with viral load and CD4+ T cell counts but not with metabolic dysfunction. Notably, we found that individuals with any INSTI combination had higher T2D risk: OR 2.08 (95%CI 1.67, 2.6; p < 0.001). In summary, our results suggest that VACC individuals may develop T2D at younger ages independent of obesity. The high burden of T2D in these individuals necessitates rigorously designed longitudinal studies to draw potential causal inferences and develop better treatment regimens.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.676979/fullSouth TexasAIDStype 2 diabetesHIVMexican Americansantiretroviral treatment |