Effects of Amount, Intensity, and Mode of Exercise Training on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the STRRIDE Randomized Trials
BackgroundLipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index (LP-IR) and Diabetes Risk Index are novel spectroscopic multimarkers of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk. As the Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise (STRRIDE) randomized trials have previously demonstrat...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-02-01
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.626142/full |
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doaj-72d193fc86a64e5ba292ef91ae600fa1 |
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record_format |
Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Leanna M. Ross Cris A. Slentz Alyssa M. Zidek Kim M. Huffman Irina Shalaurova James D. Otvos Margery A. Connelly Virginia B. Kraus Connie W. Bales Connie W. Bales Joseph A. Houmard William E. Kraus |
spellingShingle |
Leanna M. Ross Cris A. Slentz Alyssa M. Zidek Kim M. Huffman Irina Shalaurova James D. Otvos Margery A. Connelly Virginia B. Kraus Connie W. Bales Connie W. Bales Joseph A. Houmard William E. Kraus Effects of Amount, Intensity, and Mode of Exercise Training on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the STRRIDE Randomized Trials Frontiers in Physiology biomarkers cardiometabolic health glucose homeostasis lifestyle intervention lipoproteins nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
author_facet |
Leanna M. Ross Cris A. Slentz Alyssa M. Zidek Kim M. Huffman Irina Shalaurova James D. Otvos Margery A. Connelly Virginia B. Kraus Connie W. Bales Connie W. Bales Joseph A. Houmard William E. Kraus |
author_sort |
Leanna M. Ross |
title |
Effects of Amount, Intensity, and Mode of Exercise Training on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the STRRIDE Randomized Trials |
title_short |
Effects of Amount, Intensity, and Mode of Exercise Training on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the STRRIDE Randomized Trials |
title_full |
Effects of Amount, Intensity, and Mode of Exercise Training on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the STRRIDE Randomized Trials |
title_fullStr |
Effects of Amount, Intensity, and Mode of Exercise Training on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the STRRIDE Randomized Trials |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of Amount, Intensity, and Mode of Exercise Training on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the STRRIDE Randomized Trials |
title_sort |
effects of amount, intensity, and mode of exercise training on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk in the strride randomized trials |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Physiology |
issn |
1664-042X |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
BackgroundLipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index (LP-IR) and Diabetes Risk Index are novel spectroscopic multimarkers of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk. As the Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise (STRRIDE) randomized trials have previously demonstrated the ability of exercise training to improve traditional markers of insulin action, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of exercise amount, intensity, and mode on LP-IR and the Diabetes Risk Index.MethodsA total of 503 adults with dyslipidemia [STRRIDE I (n = 194), STRRIDE AT/RT (n = 139)] or prediabetes [STRRIDE-PD (n = 170)] were randomized to control or one of 10 exercise interventions, ranging from doses of 8–23 kcal/kg/week; intensities of 50–75% V̇O2peak; and durations of 6–8 months. Two groups included resistance training and one included dietary intervention (7% weight loss goal). Fasting plasma samples were obtained at baseline and 16–24 h after the final exercise bout. LP-IR, the Diabetes Risk Index, and concentrations of the branched chain amino acids valine and leucine were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. LP-IR and the Diabetes Risk Index scores range from 0–100 and 1–100, respectively (greater scores indicate greater risk). Paired t-tests determined significance within groups (p < 0.05).ResultsAfter training, six exercise groups significantly improved LP-IR (ranging from −4.4 ± 8.2 to −12.4 ± 14.1), and four exercise groups significantly improved the Diabetes Risk Index (ranging from −2.8 ± 8.2 to −8.3 ± 10.4). The most beneficial interventions for both LP-IR and the Diabetes Risk Index were low amount/moderate intensity aerobic, aerobic plus resistance, and aerobic plus diet.SummaryMultiple exercise interventions improved LP-IR and the Diabetes Risk Index. In those with dyslipidemia, adding resistance to aerobic training elicited a synergistic effect on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk. In individuals with prediabetes, combining a dietary intervention and weight loss with aerobic training resulted in the most robust type 2 diabetes risk improvement. |
topic |
biomarkers cardiometabolic health glucose homeostasis lifestyle intervention lipoproteins nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.626142/full |
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doaj-72d193fc86a64e5ba292ef91ae600fa12021-02-05T06:10:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2021-02-011210.3389/fphys.2021.626142626142Effects of Amount, Intensity, and Mode of Exercise Training on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the STRRIDE Randomized TrialsLeanna M. Ross0Cris A. Slentz1Alyssa M. Zidek2Kim M. Huffman3Irina Shalaurova4James D. Otvos5Margery A. Connelly6Virginia B. Kraus7Connie W. Bales8Connie W. Bales9Joseph A. Houmard10William E. Kraus11Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United StatesLaboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC, United StatesLaboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC, United StatesLaboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United StatesCenter for the Study of Aging, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United StatesGeriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United StatesDepartment of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United StatesBackgroundLipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index (LP-IR) and Diabetes Risk Index are novel spectroscopic multimarkers of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk. As the Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise (STRRIDE) randomized trials have previously demonstrated the ability of exercise training to improve traditional markers of insulin action, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of exercise amount, intensity, and mode on LP-IR and the Diabetes Risk Index.MethodsA total of 503 adults with dyslipidemia [STRRIDE I (n = 194), STRRIDE AT/RT (n = 139)] or prediabetes [STRRIDE-PD (n = 170)] were randomized to control or one of 10 exercise interventions, ranging from doses of 8–23 kcal/kg/week; intensities of 50–75% V̇O2peak; and durations of 6–8 months. Two groups included resistance training and one included dietary intervention (7% weight loss goal). Fasting plasma samples were obtained at baseline and 16–24 h after the final exercise bout. LP-IR, the Diabetes Risk Index, and concentrations of the branched chain amino acids valine and leucine were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. LP-IR and the Diabetes Risk Index scores range from 0–100 and 1–100, respectively (greater scores indicate greater risk). Paired t-tests determined significance within groups (p < 0.05).ResultsAfter training, six exercise groups significantly improved LP-IR (ranging from −4.4 ± 8.2 to −12.4 ± 14.1), and four exercise groups significantly improved the Diabetes Risk Index (ranging from −2.8 ± 8.2 to −8.3 ± 10.4). The most beneficial interventions for both LP-IR and the Diabetes Risk Index were low amount/moderate intensity aerobic, aerobic plus resistance, and aerobic plus diet.SummaryMultiple exercise interventions improved LP-IR and the Diabetes Risk Index. In those with dyslipidemia, adding resistance to aerobic training elicited a synergistic effect on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk. In individuals with prediabetes, combining a dietary intervention and weight loss with aerobic training resulted in the most robust type 2 diabetes risk improvement.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.626142/fullbiomarkerscardiometabolic healthglucose homeostasislifestyle interventionlipoproteinsnuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy |