Hyperleukocytosis (Re)Visited- Is it always Leukaemia: A Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature

• Main Authors: Ashutosh Rath, Richa Gupta
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited 2020-01-01
• Series: Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
• Subjects: benign; leukocytosis; leukostasis
• Online Access: https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/13409/40556_F(SL)_CE[Ra1]_KM_PF1(AG_KM)_PN(SL).pdf

Hyperleukocytosis is defined as total leukocyte count of more than 100×109 /L. Commonly seen in leukaemic conditions, nonleukaemic causes are usually not encountered and thought of. We report two such non-malignant cases of hyperleukocytosis. A six-year old girl presented with fever, cough and respiratory distress with a leukocyte count of 125.97×109 /L. Another case is of a two-month old female infant, who presented with fever and respiratory distress and a leukocyte count of 112.27×109 /L. The present case thrives to highlight various possible causes of hyperleukocytosis with an emphasis on non-malignant causes. Also, important complications and management of hyperleukocytosis are discussed.