Geoid undulation modeling through the Cokriging method–A case study of Guayaquil, Ecuador
The determination of vertical component plays a fundamental role in the initial phase of engineering applications. However, its acquisition is technically and economically demanding, mainly due to the precise heights relative to a reference surface, such as the mean sea level. The Cokriging techniqu...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2021-09-01
|
Series: | Geodesy and Geodynamics |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674984721000483 |
id |
doaj-72dde330c60546d196d130751c737317 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-72dde330c60546d196d130751c7373172021-09-15T04:20:53ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Geodesy and Geodynamics1674-98472021-09-01125356367Geoid undulation modeling through the Cokriging method–A case study of Guayaquil, EcuadorIván Palacios Orejuela0César Leiva González1Xavier Buenaño Guerra2Elena Chicaiza Mora3Theofilos Toulkeridis4Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador; Corresponding author.Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, EcuadorUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, SpainUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, SpainUniversidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, EcuadorThe determination of vertical component plays a fundamental role in the initial phase of engineering applications. However, its acquisition is technically and economically demanding, mainly due to the precise heights relative to a reference surface, such as the mean sea level. The Cokriging technique is a necessary input for the calculation of the vertical component of the geodetic control points measured by GNSS, and it requires less auxiliary data and uses complementary available variables for the calculation. Therefore, the main goal is to use Cokriging to establish a geoid undulation prediction model for the rural area of the canton of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Ordinary, Residual and Universal Cokriging and Kriging techniques were used to compare their results and select the best for achieving accuracy. The validation of the application techniques yielded that Universal Cokriging was the most accurate with an RMSE of 8 cm and RSR of 2 cm, obtained just with 66 samples (20% of the dataset). Furthermore, considering the comparison with other regional geoid undulation models, the proposed model increased the accuracy of the results by a ratio of 9.68 and 6.96 in relation to EGM96 and EGM08, respectively.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674984721000483Universal CokrigingKrigingMean sea levelGNSS |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Iván Palacios Orejuela César Leiva González Xavier Buenaño Guerra Elena Chicaiza Mora Theofilos Toulkeridis |
spellingShingle |
Iván Palacios Orejuela César Leiva González Xavier Buenaño Guerra Elena Chicaiza Mora Theofilos Toulkeridis Geoid undulation modeling through the Cokriging method–A case study of Guayaquil, Ecuador Geodesy and Geodynamics Universal Cokriging Kriging Mean sea level GNSS |
author_facet |
Iván Palacios Orejuela César Leiva González Xavier Buenaño Guerra Elena Chicaiza Mora Theofilos Toulkeridis |
author_sort |
Iván Palacios Orejuela |
title |
Geoid undulation modeling through the Cokriging method–A case study of Guayaquil, Ecuador |
title_short |
Geoid undulation modeling through the Cokriging method–A case study of Guayaquil, Ecuador |
title_full |
Geoid undulation modeling through the Cokriging method–A case study of Guayaquil, Ecuador |
title_fullStr |
Geoid undulation modeling through the Cokriging method–A case study of Guayaquil, Ecuador |
title_full_unstemmed |
Geoid undulation modeling through the Cokriging method–A case study of Guayaquil, Ecuador |
title_sort |
geoid undulation modeling through the cokriging method–a case study of guayaquil, ecuador |
publisher |
KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
series |
Geodesy and Geodynamics |
issn |
1674-9847 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
The determination of vertical component plays a fundamental role in the initial phase of engineering applications. However, its acquisition is technically and economically demanding, mainly due to the precise heights relative to a reference surface, such as the mean sea level. The Cokriging technique is a necessary input for the calculation of the vertical component of the geodetic control points measured by GNSS, and it requires less auxiliary data and uses complementary available variables for the calculation. Therefore, the main goal is to use Cokriging to establish a geoid undulation prediction model for the rural area of the canton of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Ordinary, Residual and Universal Cokriging and Kriging techniques were used to compare their results and select the best for achieving accuracy. The validation of the application techniques yielded that Universal Cokriging was the most accurate with an RMSE of 8 cm and RSR of 2 cm, obtained just with 66 samples (20% of the dataset). Furthermore, considering the comparison with other regional geoid undulation models, the proposed model increased the accuracy of the results by a ratio of 9.68 and 6.96 in relation to EGM96 and EGM08, respectively. |
topic |
Universal Cokriging Kriging Mean sea level GNSS |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674984721000483 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT ivanpalaciosorejuela geoidundulationmodelingthroughthecokrigingmethodacasestudyofguayaquilecuador AT cesarleivagonzalez geoidundulationmodelingthroughthecokrigingmethodacasestudyofguayaquilecuador AT xavierbuenanoguerra geoidundulationmodelingthroughthecokrigingmethodacasestudyofguayaquilecuador AT elenachicaizamora geoidundulationmodelingthroughthecokrigingmethodacasestudyofguayaquilecuador AT theofilostoulkeridis geoidundulationmodelingthroughthecokrigingmethodacasestudyofguayaquilecuador |
_version_ |
1717379414230040577 |