Recent Advances in Implantation-Based Genetic Modeling of Biliary Carcinogenesis in Mice
Epithelial cells in the biliary system can develop refractory types of cancers, which are often associated with inflammation caused by viruses, parasites, stones, and chemicals. Genomic studies have revealed recurrent genetic changes and deregulated signaling pathways in biliary tract cancer (BTC)....
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doaj-730e70c172b44729b5c0d61bfc6881a22021-05-31T23:41:46ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-05-01132292229210.3390/cancers13102292Recent Advances in Implantation-Based Genetic Modeling of Biliary Carcinogenesis in MiceMasashi Izumiya0Shingo Kato1Yoshitaka Hippo2Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, JapanDepartment of Clinical Cancer Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa 236-0004, JapanDepartment of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, JapanEpithelial cells in the biliary system can develop refractory types of cancers, which are often associated with inflammation caused by viruses, parasites, stones, and chemicals. Genomic studies have revealed recurrent genetic changes and deregulated signaling pathways in biliary tract cancer (BTC). The causal roles have been at least partly clarified using various genetically engineered mice. Technical advances in Cre-LoxP technology, together with hydrodynamic tail injection, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, in vivo electroporation, and organoid culture have enabled more precise modeling of BTC. Organoid-based genetic modeling, combined with implantation in mice, has recently drawn attention as a means to accelerate the development of BTC models. Although each model may not perfectly mimic the disease, they can complement one another, or two different approaches can be integrated to establish a novel model. In addition, a comparison of the outcomes among these models with the same genotype provides mechanistic insights into the interplay between genetic alterations and the microenvironment in the pathogenesis of BTCs. Here, we review the current status of genetic models of BTCs in mice to provide information that facilitates the wise selection of models and to inform the future development of ideal disease models.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/10/2292genetically engineered mousebiliary tract cancerorganoidorthotopic modelnude mousesyngeneic |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Masashi Izumiya Shingo Kato Yoshitaka Hippo |
spellingShingle |
Masashi Izumiya Shingo Kato Yoshitaka Hippo Recent Advances in Implantation-Based Genetic Modeling of Biliary Carcinogenesis in Mice Cancers genetically engineered mouse biliary tract cancer organoid orthotopic model nude mouse syngeneic |
author_facet |
Masashi Izumiya Shingo Kato Yoshitaka Hippo |
author_sort |
Masashi Izumiya |
title |
Recent Advances in Implantation-Based Genetic Modeling of Biliary Carcinogenesis in Mice |
title_short |
Recent Advances in Implantation-Based Genetic Modeling of Biliary Carcinogenesis in Mice |
title_full |
Recent Advances in Implantation-Based Genetic Modeling of Biliary Carcinogenesis in Mice |
title_fullStr |
Recent Advances in Implantation-Based Genetic Modeling of Biliary Carcinogenesis in Mice |
title_full_unstemmed |
Recent Advances in Implantation-Based Genetic Modeling of Biliary Carcinogenesis in Mice |
title_sort |
recent advances in implantation-based genetic modeling of biliary carcinogenesis in mice |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Cancers |
issn |
2072-6694 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
Epithelial cells in the biliary system can develop refractory types of cancers, which are often associated with inflammation caused by viruses, parasites, stones, and chemicals. Genomic studies have revealed recurrent genetic changes and deregulated signaling pathways in biliary tract cancer (BTC). The causal roles have been at least partly clarified using various genetically engineered mice. Technical advances in Cre-LoxP technology, together with hydrodynamic tail injection, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, in vivo electroporation, and organoid culture have enabled more precise modeling of BTC. Organoid-based genetic modeling, combined with implantation in mice, has recently drawn attention as a means to accelerate the development of BTC models. Although each model may not perfectly mimic the disease, they can complement one another, or two different approaches can be integrated to establish a novel model. In addition, a comparison of the outcomes among these models with the same genotype provides mechanistic insights into the interplay between genetic alterations and the microenvironment in the pathogenesis of BTCs. Here, we review the current status of genetic models of BTCs in mice to provide information that facilitates the wise selection of models and to inform the future development of ideal disease models. |
topic |
genetically engineered mouse biliary tract cancer organoid orthotopic model nude mouse syngeneic |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/10/2292 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT masashiizumiya recentadvancesinimplantationbasedgeneticmodelingofbiliarycarcinogenesisinmice AT shingokato recentadvancesinimplantationbasedgeneticmodelingofbiliarycarcinogenesisinmice AT yoshitakahippo recentadvancesinimplantationbasedgeneticmodelingofbiliarycarcinogenesisinmice |
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