What levels of estrogen hormones can be found in swimming pool water?

• Main Authors: Nagma Roshan, Mohammad Mehdi Taghizadeh
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: SpringerOpen 2019-07-01
• Series: Applied Water Science
• Subjects: Estrogen; Swimming; Pool; Hormone; Cancer; Estradiol
• Online Access: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13201-019-1016-7

Abstract Estrogens are a group of sex hormones. The entry of this hormone into the human body causes premature puberty, breast, and uterus cancer, etc. Due to sustainability, harmful effects, and its skin absorption, the identification of this hormone in swimming pools is a must. The carrying out of this research was based on estrogen tracking from a collection of four swimming pools in various days of the week: exclusively masculine, exclusively feminine, and those used by both men and women alternatively. Estrogen and the remained chlorine of raw water of the pool inlet as well as water inside the pool were measured during hot and cold seasons of the year. The measurements of the samples were done using electrochemiluminescence apparatus. The sampling results show a significant increase in the pools relative to filling water. Also, the results verify that the average increase in estrogen concentrations in the feminine pool was 17.95 pg/ml, while the increase in the masculine was 8.96 pg/ml. The maximum estrogen of the feminine pools at 30.8 pg/ml occurred in hot seasons due to more usage. According to the obtained results, swimming pools have considerable level of estrogens. It needs more studies about the health risks of these levels of estrogen in swimming pools.