| Summary: | Surface topography and roughness significantly affect the functional properties of engineering parts. In this study, a mathematical model simulating the surface topography in end milling is presented and verified by milling experiments. The three dimensional (3D) surface amplitude parameters (arithmetic average deviation <i>S<sub>ba</sub></i> and root mean square deviation <i>S<sub>q</sub></i>) of the milled surface were calculated by using the model and the effects of the product (<i>p</i>) and ratio (<i>r</i>) of radial depth of cut <i>a<sub>e</sub></i> and feed per tooth <i>f<sub>z</sub></i> on amplitude parameters were researched. To evaluate the lateral characteristics of the milled surface, one dimensional (1D) power spectral densities (PSD) along both feed and step-over direction were calculated and investigated. It was found that <i>f<sub>z</sub></i> affects 1D PSD along both directions, whereas <i>a<sub>e</sub></i> affects 1D PSD along the step-over direction. An angular spectrum, derived from the area power spectral density (APSD), was employed to research the spatial distribution of spectral energy on the milled surface. Furthermore, the influences of <i>p</i> and <i>r</i> on the PSD properties were researched. It was found that <i>r</i> is the significant factor that influences the direction of surface energy spectrum distribution.
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