Living in the Southern Hemisphere: Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Amazonian Riverine Populations
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) epidemic is a global challenge. Although developing countries (including Brazil, India, and South Africa) present a higher proportion of deaths by cardiovascular diseases than developed countries, most of our knowledge is from these developed countries. Amazonian riveri...
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Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/16/3630 |
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doaj-73e627ef255b4acf99f8d243270df491 |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Gabriela P. Arrifano Jacqueline I. Alvarez-Leite Barbarella M. Macchi Núbia F. S. S. Campos Marcus Augusto-Oliveira Letícia Santos-Sacramento Amanda Lopes-Araújo José Rogério Souza-Monteiro Raquel Alburquerque-Santos José Luiz M. do Nascimento Sidney Santos Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos Reinaldo B. Oriá Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez |
spellingShingle |
Gabriela P. Arrifano Jacqueline I. Alvarez-Leite Barbarella M. Macchi Núbia F. S. S. Campos Marcus Augusto-Oliveira Letícia Santos-Sacramento Amanda Lopes-Araújo José Rogério Souza-Monteiro Raquel Alburquerque-Santos José Luiz M. do Nascimento Sidney Santos Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos Reinaldo B. Oriá Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez Living in the Southern Hemisphere: Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Amazonian Riverine Populations Journal of Clinical Medicine cardiovascular disease cholesterol hypertension risk factor dyslipidemia HDL |
author_facet |
Gabriela P. Arrifano Jacqueline I. Alvarez-Leite Barbarella M. Macchi Núbia F. S. S. Campos Marcus Augusto-Oliveira Letícia Santos-Sacramento Amanda Lopes-Araújo José Rogério Souza-Monteiro Raquel Alburquerque-Santos José Luiz M. do Nascimento Sidney Santos Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos Reinaldo B. Oriá Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez |
author_sort |
Gabriela P. Arrifano |
title |
Living in the Southern Hemisphere: Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Amazonian Riverine Populations |
title_short |
Living in the Southern Hemisphere: Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Amazonian Riverine Populations |
title_full |
Living in the Southern Hemisphere: Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Amazonian Riverine Populations |
title_fullStr |
Living in the Southern Hemisphere: Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Amazonian Riverine Populations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Living in the Southern Hemisphere: Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Amazonian Riverine Populations |
title_sort |
living in the southern hemisphere: metabolic syndrome and its components in amazonian riverine populations |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Journal of Clinical Medicine |
issn |
2077-0383 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) epidemic is a global challenge. Although developing countries (including Brazil, India, and South Africa) present a higher proportion of deaths by cardiovascular diseases than developed countries, most of our knowledge is from these developed countries. Amazonian riverine populations (ARP), as well as other vulnerable populations of the Southern Hemisphere, share low-income and traditional practices, among other features. This large cross-sectional study of ARP (<i>n</i> = 818) shows high prevalence of hypertension (51%) and obesity (23%). MetS was diagnosed in 38% of participants (especially in women and 60–69 years-old individuals) without the influence of ancestry. Only 7–8% of adults had no cardio-metabolic abnormalities related to MetS. Atherogenic dyslipidemia (low HDL-cholesterol) was generally observed, including in individuals without MetS. Still, slight differences were detected between settings with a clear predominance of hypertension in Tucuruí. Hypotheses on possible genetic influence and factors (nutrition transition and environmental pollutants -mercury) are proposed for future studies. Moreover, a roadmap to MetS progression based on the most prevalent components is provided for the development of tailored interventions in the Amazon (initially, individuals would present low HDL-cholesterol levels, later progressing to increased blood pressure characterizing hypertension, and ultimately reaching MetS with obesity). Our alarming results support the need to improve our knowledge on these vulnerable populations. |
topic |
cardiovascular disease cholesterol hypertension risk factor dyslipidemia HDL |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/16/3630 |
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doaj-73e627ef255b4acf99f8d243270df4912021-08-26T13:55:36ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832021-08-01103630363010.3390/jcm10163630Living in the Southern Hemisphere: Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Amazonian Riverine PopulationsGabriela P. Arrifano0Jacqueline I. Alvarez-Leite1Barbarella M. Macchi2Núbia F. S. S. Campos3Marcus Augusto-Oliveira4Letícia Santos-Sacramento5Amanda Lopes-Araújo6José Rogério Souza-Monteiro7Raquel Alburquerque-Santos8José Luiz M. do Nascimento9Sidney Santos10Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos11Reinaldo B. Oriá12Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez13Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, BrazilLaboratório de Aterosclerose e Bioquímica Nutricional, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30161-970, BrazilLaboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, BrazilLaboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, BrazilLaboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, BrazilLaboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, BrazilLaboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, BrazilFaculdade de Medicina, Campus de Altamira, Universidade Federal do Pará, Altamira 68372-040, BrazilLaboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, BrazilLaboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, BrazilLaboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, BrazilLaboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-160, BrazilLaboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, BrazilThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) epidemic is a global challenge. Although developing countries (including Brazil, India, and South Africa) present a higher proportion of deaths by cardiovascular diseases than developed countries, most of our knowledge is from these developed countries. Amazonian riverine populations (ARP), as well as other vulnerable populations of the Southern Hemisphere, share low-income and traditional practices, among other features. This large cross-sectional study of ARP (<i>n</i> = 818) shows high prevalence of hypertension (51%) and obesity (23%). MetS was diagnosed in 38% of participants (especially in women and 60–69 years-old individuals) without the influence of ancestry. Only 7–8% of adults had no cardio-metabolic abnormalities related to MetS. Atherogenic dyslipidemia (low HDL-cholesterol) was generally observed, including in individuals without MetS. Still, slight differences were detected between settings with a clear predominance of hypertension in Tucuruí. Hypotheses on possible genetic influence and factors (nutrition transition and environmental pollutants -mercury) are proposed for future studies. Moreover, a roadmap to MetS progression based on the most prevalent components is provided for the development of tailored interventions in the Amazon (initially, individuals would present low HDL-cholesterol levels, later progressing to increased blood pressure characterizing hypertension, and ultimately reaching MetS with obesity). Our alarming results support the need to improve our knowledge on these vulnerable populations.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/16/3630cardiovascular diseasecholesterolhypertensionrisk factordyslipidemiaHDL |