Extraction of Information on Trees outside Forests Based on Very High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Images
The sparse Ulmus pumila L. woodland in the Otingdag Sandy Land of China is indispensable in maintaining the ecosystem stability of the desertified grasslands. Many studies of this region have focused on community structure and analysis of species composition, but without consideration of spatial dis...
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doaj-74977cce6283479594a23584d553b0bc2020-11-24T20:51:32ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072019-09-01101083510.3390/f10100835f10100835Extraction of Information on Trees outside Forests Based on Very High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing ImagesBin Sun0Zhihai Gao1Longcai Zhao2Hongyan Wang3Wentao Gao4Yuanyuan Zhang5Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques (IFRIT), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, ChinaInstitute of Forest Resource Information Techniques (IFRIT), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, ChinaInstitute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth (RADI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chaoyang District, Beijing 100094, ChinaInstitute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth (RADI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chaoyang District, Beijing 100094, ChinaInstitute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth (RADI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chaoyang District, Beijing 100094, ChinaInstitute of Forest Resource Information Techniques (IFRIT), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, ChinaThe sparse Ulmus pumila L. woodland in the Otingdag Sandy Land of China is indispensable in maintaining the ecosystem stability of the desertified grasslands. Many studies of this region have focused on community structure and analysis of species composition, but without consideration of spatial distribution. Based on a combination of spectral and multiscale spatial variation features, we present a method for automated extraction of information on the U. pumila trees of the Otingdag Sandy Land using very high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery. In this method, feature images were constructed using fused 1-m spatial resolution GF-2 images through analysis of the characteristics of the natural geographical environment and the spatial distribution of the U. pumila trees. Then, a multiscale Laplace transform was performed on the feature images to generate multiscale Laplacian feature spaces. Next, local maxima and minima were obtained by iteration over the multiscale feature spaces. Finally, repeated values were removed and vector data (point data) were generated for automatic extraction of the spatial distribution and crown contours of the U. pumila trees. Results showed that the proposed method could overcome the lack of universality common to image classification methods. Validation indicated the accuracy of information extracted from U. pumila test data reached 82.7%. Further analysis determined the parameter values of the algorithm applicable to the study area. Extraction accuracy was improved considerably with a gradual increase of the Sigma parameter; however, the probability of missing data also increased markedly after the parameter reached a certain level. Therefore, we recommend the Sigma value of the algorithm be set to 90 (±5). The proposed method could provide a reference for information extraction, spatial distribution mapping, and forest protection in relation to the U. pumila woodland of the Otingdag Sandy Land, which could also support improved ecological protection across much of northern China.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/10/835Ulmus pumila sparse forestOtingdag Sandy Landtree detectioncrown extractionGF-2 dataautomated extraction algorithm |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Bin Sun Zhihai Gao Longcai Zhao Hongyan Wang Wentao Gao Yuanyuan Zhang |
spellingShingle |
Bin Sun Zhihai Gao Longcai Zhao Hongyan Wang Wentao Gao Yuanyuan Zhang Extraction of Information on Trees outside Forests Based on Very High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Images Forests Ulmus pumila sparse forest Otingdag Sandy Land tree detection crown extraction GF-2 data automated extraction algorithm |
author_facet |
Bin Sun Zhihai Gao Longcai Zhao Hongyan Wang Wentao Gao Yuanyuan Zhang |
author_sort |
Bin Sun |
title |
Extraction of Information on Trees outside Forests Based on Very High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Images |
title_short |
Extraction of Information on Trees outside Forests Based on Very High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Images |
title_full |
Extraction of Information on Trees outside Forests Based on Very High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Images |
title_fullStr |
Extraction of Information on Trees outside Forests Based on Very High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Images |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extraction of Information on Trees outside Forests Based on Very High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Images |
title_sort |
extraction of information on trees outside forests based on very high spatial resolution remote sensing images |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Forests |
issn |
1999-4907 |
publishDate |
2019-09-01 |
description |
The sparse Ulmus pumila L. woodland in the Otingdag Sandy Land of China is indispensable in maintaining the ecosystem stability of the desertified grasslands. Many studies of this region have focused on community structure and analysis of species composition, but without consideration of spatial distribution. Based on a combination of spectral and multiscale spatial variation features, we present a method for automated extraction of information on the U. pumila trees of the Otingdag Sandy Land using very high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery. In this method, feature images were constructed using fused 1-m spatial resolution GF-2 images through analysis of the characteristics of the natural geographical environment and the spatial distribution of the U. pumila trees. Then, a multiscale Laplace transform was performed on the feature images to generate multiscale Laplacian feature spaces. Next, local maxima and minima were obtained by iteration over the multiscale feature spaces. Finally, repeated values were removed and vector data (point data) were generated for automatic extraction of the spatial distribution and crown contours of the U. pumila trees. Results showed that the proposed method could overcome the lack of universality common to image classification methods. Validation indicated the accuracy of information extracted from U. pumila test data reached 82.7%. Further analysis determined the parameter values of the algorithm applicable to the study area. Extraction accuracy was improved considerably with a gradual increase of the Sigma parameter; however, the probability of missing data also increased markedly after the parameter reached a certain level. Therefore, we recommend the Sigma value of the algorithm be set to 90 (±5). The proposed method could provide a reference for information extraction, spatial distribution mapping, and forest protection in relation to the U. pumila woodland of the Otingdag Sandy Land, which could also support improved ecological protection across much of northern China. |
topic |
Ulmus pumila sparse forest Otingdag Sandy Land tree detection crown extraction GF-2 data automated extraction algorithm |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/10/835 |
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