Membranotropic Cell Penetrating Peptides: The Outstanding Journey
The membrane bilayer delimits the interior of individual cells and provides them with the ability to survive and function properly. However, the crossing of cellular membranes constitutes the principal impediment to gaining entry into cells, and the potential therapeutic application of many drugs...
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doaj-74e964d38a6d468fbece3edc74c0e3242020-11-25T00:49:16ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672015-10-011610253232533710.3390/ijms161025323ijms161025323Membranotropic Cell Penetrating Peptides: The Outstanding JourneyAnnarita Falanga0Massimiliano Galdiero1Stefania Galdiero2Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, ItalyCiRPEB, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, ItalyThe membrane bilayer delimits the interior of individual cells and provides them with the ability to survive and function properly. However, the crossing of cellular membranes constitutes the principal impediment to gaining entry into cells, and the potential therapeutic application of many drugs is predominantly dependent on the development of delivery tools that should take the drug to target cells selectively and efficiently with only minimal toxicity. Cell-penetrating peptides are short and basic peptides are widely used due to their ability to deliver a cargo across the membrane both in vitro and in vivo. It is widely accepted that their uptake mechanism involves mainly the endocytic pathway, the drug is catched inside endosomes and lysosomes, and only a small quantity is able to reach the intracellular target. In this wide-ranging scenario, a fascinating novel hypothesis is that membranotropic peptides that efficiently cross biological membranes, promote lipid-membrane reorganizing processes and cause a local and temporary destabilization and reorganization of the membrane bilayer, may also be able to enter cells circumventing the endosomal entrapment; in particular, by either favoring the escape from the endosome or by direct translocation. This review summarizes current data on membranotropic peptides for drug delivery.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/16/10/25323membranotropic peptideshydrophobicityfusiondelivery |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Annarita Falanga Massimiliano Galdiero Stefania Galdiero |
spellingShingle |
Annarita Falanga Massimiliano Galdiero Stefania Galdiero Membranotropic Cell Penetrating Peptides: The Outstanding Journey International Journal of Molecular Sciences membranotropic peptides hydrophobicity fusion delivery |
author_facet |
Annarita Falanga Massimiliano Galdiero Stefania Galdiero |
author_sort |
Annarita Falanga |
title |
Membranotropic Cell Penetrating Peptides: The Outstanding Journey |
title_short |
Membranotropic Cell Penetrating Peptides: The Outstanding Journey |
title_full |
Membranotropic Cell Penetrating Peptides: The Outstanding Journey |
title_fullStr |
Membranotropic Cell Penetrating Peptides: The Outstanding Journey |
title_full_unstemmed |
Membranotropic Cell Penetrating Peptides: The Outstanding Journey |
title_sort |
membranotropic cell penetrating peptides: the outstanding journey |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2015-10-01 |
description |
The membrane bilayer delimits the interior of individual cells and provides them with the ability to survive and function properly. However, the crossing of cellular membranes constitutes the principal impediment to gaining entry into cells, and the potential therapeutic application of many drugs is predominantly dependent on the development of delivery tools that should take the drug to target cells selectively and efficiently with only minimal toxicity. Cell-penetrating peptides are short and basic peptides are widely used due to their ability to deliver a cargo across the membrane both in vitro and in vivo. It is widely accepted that their uptake mechanism involves mainly the endocytic pathway, the drug is catched inside endosomes and lysosomes, and only a small quantity is able to reach the intracellular target. In this wide-ranging scenario, a fascinating novel hypothesis is that membranotropic peptides that efficiently cross biological membranes, promote lipid-membrane reorganizing processes and cause a local and temporary destabilization and reorganization of the membrane bilayer, may also be able to enter cells circumventing the endosomal entrapment; in particular, by either favoring the escape from the endosome or by direct translocation. This review summarizes current data on membranotropic peptides for drug delivery. |
topic |
membranotropic peptides hydrophobicity fusion delivery |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/16/10/25323 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT annaritafalanga membranotropiccellpenetratingpeptidestheoutstandingjourney AT massimilianogaldiero membranotropiccellpenetratingpeptidestheoutstandingjourney AT stefaniagaldiero membranotropiccellpenetratingpeptidestheoutstandingjourney |
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1725252090570211328 |