Congolius, a new genus of African reed frog endemic to the central Congo: A potential case of convergent evolution
Abstract The reed frog genus Hyperolius (Afrobatrachia, Hyperoliidae) is a speciose genus containing over 140 species of mostly small to medium-sized frogs distributed in sub-Saharan Africa. Its high level of colour polymorphism, together with in anurans relatively rare sexual dichromatism, make sys...
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2021-04-01
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doaj-750e8f05047446ae960fb2c2e63296412021-04-18T11:39:16ZengNature Publishing GroupScientific Reports2045-23222021-04-0111111410.1038/s41598-021-87495-2Congolius, a new genus of African reed frog endemic to the central Congo: A potential case of convergent evolutionTadeáš Nečas0Gabriel Badjedjea1Michal Vopálenský2Václav Gvoždík3Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate BiologyBiodiversity Monitoring Centre, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity of Aquatic Resources, University of KisanganiCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Applied MechanicsCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate BiologyAbstract The reed frog genus Hyperolius (Afrobatrachia, Hyperoliidae) is a speciose genus containing over 140 species of mostly small to medium-sized frogs distributed in sub-Saharan Africa. Its high level of colour polymorphism, together with in anurans relatively rare sexual dichromatism, make systematic studies more difficult. As a result, the knowledge of the diversity and taxonomy of this genus is still limited. Hyperolius robustus known only from a handful of localities in rain forests of the central Congo Basin is one of the least known species. Here, we have used molecular methods for the first time to study the phylogenetic position of this taxon, accompanied by an analysis of phenotype based on external (morphometric) and internal (osteological) morphological characters. Our phylogenetic results undoubtedly placed H. robustus out of Hyperolius into a common clade with sympatric Cryptothylax and West African Morerella. To prevent the uncovered paraphyly, we place H. robustus into a new genus, Congolius. The review of all available data suggests that the new genus is endemic to the central Congolian lowland rain forests. The analysis of phenotype underlined morphological similarity of the new genus to some Hyperolius species. This uniformity of body shape (including cranial shape) indicates that the two genera have either retained ancestral morphology or evolved through convergent evolution under similar ecological pressures in the African rain forests.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87495-2 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tadeáš Nečas Gabriel Badjedjea Michal Vopálenský Václav Gvoždík |
spellingShingle |
Tadeáš Nečas Gabriel Badjedjea Michal Vopálenský Václav Gvoždík Congolius, a new genus of African reed frog endemic to the central Congo: A potential case of convergent evolution Scientific Reports |
author_facet |
Tadeáš Nečas Gabriel Badjedjea Michal Vopálenský Václav Gvoždík |
author_sort |
Tadeáš Nečas |
title |
Congolius, a new genus of African reed frog endemic to the central Congo: A potential case of convergent evolution |
title_short |
Congolius, a new genus of African reed frog endemic to the central Congo: A potential case of convergent evolution |
title_full |
Congolius, a new genus of African reed frog endemic to the central Congo: A potential case of convergent evolution |
title_fullStr |
Congolius, a new genus of African reed frog endemic to the central Congo: A potential case of convergent evolution |
title_full_unstemmed |
Congolius, a new genus of African reed frog endemic to the central Congo: A potential case of convergent evolution |
title_sort |
congolius, a new genus of african reed frog endemic to the central congo: a potential case of convergent evolution |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
series |
Scientific Reports |
issn |
2045-2322 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Abstract The reed frog genus Hyperolius (Afrobatrachia, Hyperoliidae) is a speciose genus containing over 140 species of mostly small to medium-sized frogs distributed in sub-Saharan Africa. Its high level of colour polymorphism, together with in anurans relatively rare sexual dichromatism, make systematic studies more difficult. As a result, the knowledge of the diversity and taxonomy of this genus is still limited. Hyperolius robustus known only from a handful of localities in rain forests of the central Congo Basin is one of the least known species. Here, we have used molecular methods for the first time to study the phylogenetic position of this taxon, accompanied by an analysis of phenotype based on external (morphometric) and internal (osteological) morphological characters. Our phylogenetic results undoubtedly placed H. robustus out of Hyperolius into a common clade with sympatric Cryptothylax and West African Morerella. To prevent the uncovered paraphyly, we place H. robustus into a new genus, Congolius. The review of all available data suggests that the new genus is endemic to the central Congolian lowland rain forests. The analysis of phenotype underlined morphological similarity of the new genus to some Hyperolius species. This uniformity of body shape (including cranial shape) indicates that the two genera have either retained ancestral morphology or evolved through convergent evolution under similar ecological pressures in the African rain forests. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87495-2 |
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