The association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures and body composition of rural and urban Ghanaian adults: a comparative cross-sectional study
Abstract Background Overweight and obesity have become threats to public health in all regions across the globe including sub-Saharan Africa where prevalence used to be low. Policies to regulate the food environment and promote healthy food consumption look promising to reducing the prevalence of ob...
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doaj-75105a5f19ab4e58b5c37347f62965f32020-11-25T03:08:26ZengBMCBMC Nutrition2055-09282020-05-016111210.1186/s40795-020-00339-6The association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures and body composition of rural and urban Ghanaian adults: a comparative cross-sectional studyNana Ama F. Agyapong0Reginald A. Annan1Charles Apprey2Linda N. E. Aduku3Elizabeth C. Swart4Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of the Western CapeAbstract Background Overweight and obesity have become threats to public health in all regions across the globe including sub-Saharan Africa where prevalence used to be low. Policies to regulate the food environment and promote healthy food consumption look promising to reducing the prevalence of obesity but in Ghana there is not enough data to elicit a policy response. This study assessed the association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures, body composition and physical activity among rural and urban Ghanaian adults. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 565 Ghanaian adults. Structured interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect information on socio-demographics. Dietary consumption was assessed using household food frequency questionnaire and 24-h recall. Height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and body composition of all participants were determined. The World Health Organization’s Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to assess physical activity levels. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze differences in anthropometric measures, body composition and consumption among rural and urban participants. Principal component analysis was used to analyze household food frequency data and nutrient analysis template was used to analyze 24-h recall. Chi-square was used to measure differences in obesity prevalence by community and gender. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the risk factors associated with obesity. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity using BMI were 29.9 and 22.9% respectively. Use of waist circumference measurement resulted in the highest overall obesity prevalence of 41.5%. Prevalence of obesity was higher among females compared to males across all measures with the exception of visceral fat that showed no significant difference. Four different patterns were derived from principal component analysis. Among urban participants, the staple pattern showed a significant negative correlation with visceral fat (r − 0.186, p-value 0.013) and BMI (r − 0.163, p-value 0.029). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that males (AOR 19.715, CI 9.723–39.978, p-value < 0.001) had higher odds of being of normal weight compared to females. Conclusion Prevalence of overweight and obesity continue to rise in Ghana, especially among females. Public education and screening as well as interventions that regulate the food environment and make affordable and available healthy food options are needed to control the rise in obesity prevalence.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40795-020-00339-6OverweightObesityBody compositionWaist circumferenceVisceral fatBody mass index |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nana Ama F. Agyapong Reginald A. Annan Charles Apprey Linda N. E. Aduku Elizabeth C. Swart |
spellingShingle |
Nana Ama F. Agyapong Reginald A. Annan Charles Apprey Linda N. E. Aduku Elizabeth C. Swart The association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures and body composition of rural and urban Ghanaian adults: a comparative cross-sectional study BMC Nutrition Overweight Obesity Body composition Waist circumference Visceral fat Body mass index |
author_facet |
Nana Ama F. Agyapong Reginald A. Annan Charles Apprey Linda N. E. Aduku Elizabeth C. Swart |
author_sort |
Nana Ama F. Agyapong |
title |
The association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures and body composition of rural and urban Ghanaian adults: a comparative cross-sectional study |
title_short |
The association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures and body composition of rural and urban Ghanaian adults: a comparative cross-sectional study |
title_full |
The association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures and body composition of rural and urban Ghanaian adults: a comparative cross-sectional study |
title_fullStr |
The association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures and body composition of rural and urban Ghanaian adults: a comparative cross-sectional study |
title_full_unstemmed |
The association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures and body composition of rural and urban Ghanaian adults: a comparative cross-sectional study |
title_sort |
association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures and body composition of rural and urban ghanaian adults: a comparative cross-sectional study |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Nutrition |
issn |
2055-0928 |
publishDate |
2020-05-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Overweight and obesity have become threats to public health in all regions across the globe including sub-Saharan Africa where prevalence used to be low. Policies to regulate the food environment and promote healthy food consumption look promising to reducing the prevalence of obesity but in Ghana there is not enough data to elicit a policy response. This study assessed the association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures, body composition and physical activity among rural and urban Ghanaian adults. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 565 Ghanaian adults. Structured interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect information on socio-demographics. Dietary consumption was assessed using household food frequency questionnaire and 24-h recall. Height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and body composition of all participants were determined. The World Health Organization’s Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to assess physical activity levels. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze differences in anthropometric measures, body composition and consumption among rural and urban participants. Principal component analysis was used to analyze household food frequency data and nutrient analysis template was used to analyze 24-h recall. Chi-square was used to measure differences in obesity prevalence by community and gender. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the risk factors associated with obesity. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity using BMI were 29.9 and 22.9% respectively. Use of waist circumference measurement resulted in the highest overall obesity prevalence of 41.5%. Prevalence of obesity was higher among females compared to males across all measures with the exception of visceral fat that showed no significant difference. Four different patterns were derived from principal component analysis. Among urban participants, the staple pattern showed a significant negative correlation with visceral fat (r − 0.186, p-value 0.013) and BMI (r − 0.163, p-value 0.029). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that males (AOR 19.715, CI 9.723–39.978, p-value < 0.001) had higher odds of being of normal weight compared to females. Conclusion Prevalence of overweight and obesity continue to rise in Ghana, especially among females. Public education and screening as well as interventions that regulate the food environment and make affordable and available healthy food options are needed to control the rise in obesity prevalence. |
topic |
Overweight Obesity Body composition Waist circumference Visceral fat Body mass index |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40795-020-00339-6 |
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