Interpreting Lemma and Palea Homologies: A Point of View from Rice Floral Mutants
In contrast to eudicot flowers which typically exhibit sepals and petals at their periphery, the flowers of grasses are distinguished by the presence of characteristic outer organs. In place of sepals, grasses have evolved the lemma and the palea, two bract-like structures that partially or fully en...
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doaj-75752dd2d32d4d499205f9cd08b508602020-11-24T23:23:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2015-02-01610.3389/fpls.2015.00061124799Interpreting Lemma and Palea Homologies: A Point of View from Rice Floral MutantsFabien eLombardo0Hitoshi eYoshida1National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Institute of Crop ScienceNational Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Institute of Crop ScienceIn contrast to eudicot flowers which typically exhibit sepals and petals at their periphery, the flowers of grasses are distinguished by the presence of characteristic outer organs. In place of sepals, grasses have evolved the lemma and the palea, two bract-like structures that partially or fully enclose the inner reproductive organs. With little morphological similarities to sepals, whether the lemma and palea are part of the perianth or non-floral organs has been a longstanding debate. In recent years, comparative studies of floral mutants as well as the availability of whole genome sequences in many plant species have provided strong arguments in favor of the hypothesis of lemma and palea being modified sepals. In rice, a feature of the palea is the bending of its lateral region into a hook-shaped marginal structure. This allows the palea to lock into the facing lemma region, forming a close-fitting lemma-palea enclosure. In this article, we focus on the rice lemma and palea and review some of the key transcription factors involved in their development and functional specialization. Alternative interpretations of these organs are also addressed.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2015.00061/fullgrassesMADS-box genebractPerianthProphyllSepal |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Fabien eLombardo Hitoshi eYoshida |
spellingShingle |
Fabien eLombardo Hitoshi eYoshida Interpreting Lemma and Palea Homologies: A Point of View from Rice Floral Mutants Frontiers in Plant Science grasses MADS-box gene bract Perianth Prophyll Sepal |
author_facet |
Fabien eLombardo Hitoshi eYoshida |
author_sort |
Fabien eLombardo |
title |
Interpreting Lemma and Palea Homologies: A Point of View from Rice Floral Mutants |
title_short |
Interpreting Lemma and Palea Homologies: A Point of View from Rice Floral Mutants |
title_full |
Interpreting Lemma and Palea Homologies: A Point of View from Rice Floral Mutants |
title_fullStr |
Interpreting Lemma and Palea Homologies: A Point of View from Rice Floral Mutants |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interpreting Lemma and Palea Homologies: A Point of View from Rice Floral Mutants |
title_sort |
interpreting lemma and palea homologies: a point of view from rice floral mutants |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
issn |
1664-462X |
publishDate |
2015-02-01 |
description |
In contrast to eudicot flowers which typically exhibit sepals and petals at their periphery, the flowers of grasses are distinguished by the presence of characteristic outer organs. In place of sepals, grasses have evolved the lemma and the palea, two bract-like structures that partially or fully enclose the inner reproductive organs. With little morphological similarities to sepals, whether the lemma and palea are part of the perianth or non-floral organs has been a longstanding debate. In recent years, comparative studies of floral mutants as well as the availability of whole genome sequences in many plant species have provided strong arguments in favor of the hypothesis of lemma and palea being modified sepals. In rice, a feature of the palea is the bending of its lateral region into a hook-shaped marginal structure. This allows the palea to lock into the facing lemma region, forming a close-fitting lemma-palea enclosure. In this article, we focus on the rice lemma and palea and review some of the key transcription factors involved in their development and functional specialization. Alternative interpretations of these organs are also addressed. |
topic |
grasses MADS-box gene bract Perianth Prophyll Sepal |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2015.00061/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT fabienelombardo interpretinglemmaandpaleahomologiesapointofviewfromricefloralmutants AT hitoshieyoshida interpretinglemmaandpaleahomologiesapointofviewfromricefloralmutants |
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