The Effect of the Paleolithic Diet vs. Healthy Diets on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Recently, the Paleolithic diet became popular due to its possible health benefits. Several, albeit not all, studies suggested that the consumption of the Paleolithic diet might improve glucose tolerance, decrease insulin secretion, and increase insulin sensitivity. Therefore, the aim of this meta-an...
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doaj-75bc89dd81654e7f8b50aa87341503002020-11-25T01:30:14ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832020-01-019229610.3390/jcm9020296jcm9020296The Effect of the Paleolithic Diet vs. Healthy Diets on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsMałgorzata Jamka0Bartosz Kulczyński1Agata Juruć2Anna Gramza-Michałowska3Caroline S. Stokes4Jarosław Walkowiak5Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna Str., 60-572 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego Str., 60–624 Poznań, PolandFaculty of Health Sciences, State University of Applied Sciences in Konin, 4 Popiełuszki Str., 62-500 Konin, PolandDepartment of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego Str., 60–624 Poznań, PolandFaculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 14195 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna Str., 60-572 Poznań, PolandRecently, the Paleolithic diet became popular due to its possible health benefits. Several, albeit not all, studies suggested that the consumption of the Paleolithic diet might improve glucose tolerance, decrease insulin secretion, and increase insulin sensitivity. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the effect of the Paleolithic diet with other types of diets on glucose and insulin homeostasis in subjects with altered glucose metabolism. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library) were searched to select studies in which the effects of the Paleolithic diet on fasting glucose and insulin levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and area under the curve (AUC 0−120) for glucose and insulin during the oral glucose tolerance test were assessed. In total, four studies with 98 subjects which compared the effect of the Paleolithic diet with other types of diets (the Mediterranean diet, diabetes diet, and a diet recommended by the Dutch Health Council) were included in this meta-analysis. The Paleolithic diet did not differ from other types of diets with regard to its effect on fasting glucose (standardized mean difference (SMD): −0.343, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.867, 0.181, <i>p</i> = 0.200) and insulin (SMD: −0.141; 95% CI: −0.599, 0.318; <i>p</i> = 0.548) levels. In addition, there were no differences between the Paleolithic diet and other types of diets in HOMA-IR (SMD: −0.151; 95% CI: −0.610, 0.309; <i>p</i> = 0.521), HbA1c (SMD: −0.380; 95% CI: −0.870, 0.110; <i>p</i> = 0.129), AUC 0−120 glucose (SMD: −0.558; 95% CI: −1.380, 0.264; <i>p</i> = 0.183), and AUC 0−120 insulin (SMD: −0.068; 95% CI: −0.526, 0.390; <i>p</i> = 0.772). In conclusion, the Paleolithic diet did not differ from other types of diets commonly perceived as healthy with regard to effects on glucose and insulin homeostasis in subjects with altered glucose metabolism.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/2/296paleolithic dietglucoseinsulinglycated hemoglobinglucose metabolism disorders |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Małgorzata Jamka Bartosz Kulczyński Agata Juruć Anna Gramza-Michałowska Caroline S. Stokes Jarosław Walkowiak |
spellingShingle |
Małgorzata Jamka Bartosz Kulczyński Agata Juruć Anna Gramza-Michałowska Caroline S. Stokes Jarosław Walkowiak The Effect of the Paleolithic Diet vs. Healthy Diets on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Journal of Clinical Medicine paleolithic diet glucose insulin glycated hemoglobin glucose metabolism disorders |
author_facet |
Małgorzata Jamka Bartosz Kulczyński Agata Juruć Anna Gramza-Michałowska Caroline S. Stokes Jarosław Walkowiak |
author_sort |
Małgorzata Jamka |
title |
The Effect of the Paleolithic Diet vs. Healthy Diets on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
title_short |
The Effect of the Paleolithic Diet vs. Healthy Diets on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
title_full |
The Effect of the Paleolithic Diet vs. Healthy Diets on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
title_fullStr |
The Effect of the Paleolithic Diet vs. Healthy Diets on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Effect of the Paleolithic Diet vs. Healthy Diets on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
title_sort |
effect of the paleolithic diet vs. healthy diets on glucose and insulin homeostasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Journal of Clinical Medicine |
issn |
2077-0383 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Recently, the Paleolithic diet became popular due to its possible health benefits. Several, albeit not all, studies suggested that the consumption of the Paleolithic diet might improve glucose tolerance, decrease insulin secretion, and increase insulin sensitivity. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the effect of the Paleolithic diet with other types of diets on glucose and insulin homeostasis in subjects with altered glucose metabolism. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library) were searched to select studies in which the effects of the Paleolithic diet on fasting glucose and insulin levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and area under the curve (AUC 0−120) for glucose and insulin during the oral glucose tolerance test were assessed. In total, four studies with 98 subjects which compared the effect of the Paleolithic diet with other types of diets (the Mediterranean diet, diabetes diet, and a diet recommended by the Dutch Health Council) were included in this meta-analysis. The Paleolithic diet did not differ from other types of diets with regard to its effect on fasting glucose (standardized mean difference (SMD): −0.343, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.867, 0.181, <i>p</i> = 0.200) and insulin (SMD: −0.141; 95% CI: −0.599, 0.318; <i>p</i> = 0.548) levels. In addition, there were no differences between the Paleolithic diet and other types of diets in HOMA-IR (SMD: −0.151; 95% CI: −0.610, 0.309; <i>p</i> = 0.521), HbA1c (SMD: −0.380; 95% CI: −0.870, 0.110; <i>p</i> = 0.129), AUC 0−120 glucose (SMD: −0.558; 95% CI: −1.380, 0.264; <i>p</i> = 0.183), and AUC 0−120 insulin (SMD: −0.068; 95% CI: −0.526, 0.390; <i>p</i> = 0.772). In conclusion, the Paleolithic diet did not differ from other types of diets commonly perceived as healthy with regard to effects on glucose and insulin homeostasis in subjects with altered glucose metabolism. |
topic |
paleolithic diet glucose insulin glycated hemoglobin glucose metabolism disorders |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/2/296 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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