Diversity of Essential Oils and the Respective Hydrolates Obtained from Three <i>Pinus cembra</i> Populations in the Austrian Alps
<i>Pinus cembra</i>, stone pine, is an Alpine coniferous tree rich in aromatic compounds. Twigs with needles are used commonly to produce essential oils for various purposes in pharmacy, food industry, and cosmetics. Hydrolates as byproducts of hydrodistillation encounter increasing inte...
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doaj-75be1454d26e436cbf36d58701bc52312021-07-01T00:38:03ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-06-01115686568610.3390/app11125686Diversity of Essential Oils and the Respective Hydrolates Obtained from Three <i>Pinus cembra</i> Populations in the Austrian AlpsRemigius Chizzola0Felix Billiani1Stefan Singer2Johannes Novak3Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, AustriaWähringerstrasse 204/8, 1180 Wien, AustriaStefan Singer Prünst 12, 3163 Rohrbach an der Gölsen, AustriaInstitute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria<i>Pinus cembra</i>, stone pine, is an Alpine coniferous tree rich in aromatic compounds. Twigs with needles are used commonly to produce essential oils for various purposes in pharmacy, food industry, and cosmetics. Hydrolates as byproducts of hydrodistillation encounter increasing interest owing to their aromatic properties. The variabilities in the compositions of essential oil and the related hydrolates are studied in samples from individual trees growing on three sites in the Austrian high mountain range. The essential oils have been obtained by steam distillation. All essential oils contained monoterpene hydrocarbons as main compounds, especially α-pinene (36–37%), β-phellandrene (27–30%), and β-pinene (7–9%). In contrast, the volatiles in the corresponding hydrolates were dominated by oxidized compounds as α-terpineol (28–34%), terpinen-4-ol (6–8%), and verbenone (6–7%). The pinene rich essential oils might be used in pharmacy as pinene containing oils from other <i>Pinus</i> species, while the hydrolates are of interest for cosmetics and other well-being promoting products.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/12/5686hydrolateessential oil<i>Pinus cembra</i> L.α-pineneα-terpineolmonoterpenes |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Remigius Chizzola Felix Billiani Stefan Singer Johannes Novak |
spellingShingle |
Remigius Chizzola Felix Billiani Stefan Singer Johannes Novak Diversity of Essential Oils and the Respective Hydrolates Obtained from Three <i>Pinus cembra</i> Populations in the Austrian Alps Applied Sciences hydrolate essential oil <i>Pinus cembra</i> L. α-pinene α-terpineol monoterpenes |
author_facet |
Remigius Chizzola Felix Billiani Stefan Singer Johannes Novak |
author_sort |
Remigius Chizzola |
title |
Diversity of Essential Oils and the Respective Hydrolates Obtained from Three <i>Pinus cembra</i> Populations in the Austrian Alps |
title_short |
Diversity of Essential Oils and the Respective Hydrolates Obtained from Three <i>Pinus cembra</i> Populations in the Austrian Alps |
title_full |
Diversity of Essential Oils and the Respective Hydrolates Obtained from Three <i>Pinus cembra</i> Populations in the Austrian Alps |
title_fullStr |
Diversity of Essential Oils and the Respective Hydrolates Obtained from Three <i>Pinus cembra</i> Populations in the Austrian Alps |
title_full_unstemmed |
Diversity of Essential Oils and the Respective Hydrolates Obtained from Three <i>Pinus cembra</i> Populations in the Austrian Alps |
title_sort |
diversity of essential oils and the respective hydrolates obtained from three <i>pinus cembra</i> populations in the austrian alps |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Applied Sciences |
issn |
2076-3417 |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
<i>Pinus cembra</i>, stone pine, is an Alpine coniferous tree rich in aromatic compounds. Twigs with needles are used commonly to produce essential oils for various purposes in pharmacy, food industry, and cosmetics. Hydrolates as byproducts of hydrodistillation encounter increasing interest owing to their aromatic properties. The variabilities in the compositions of essential oil and the related hydrolates are studied in samples from individual trees growing on three sites in the Austrian high mountain range. The essential oils have been obtained by steam distillation. All essential oils contained monoterpene hydrocarbons as main compounds, especially α-pinene (36–37%), β-phellandrene (27–30%), and β-pinene (7–9%). In contrast, the volatiles in the corresponding hydrolates were dominated by oxidized compounds as α-terpineol (28–34%), terpinen-4-ol (6–8%), and verbenone (6–7%). The pinene rich essential oils might be used in pharmacy as pinene containing oils from other <i>Pinus</i> species, while the hydrolates are of interest for cosmetics and other well-being promoting products. |
topic |
hydrolate essential oil <i>Pinus cembra</i> L. α-pinene α-terpineol monoterpenes |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/12/5686 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT remigiuschizzola diversityofessentialoilsandtherespectivehydrolatesobtainedfromthreeipinuscembraipopulationsintheaustrianalps AT felixbilliani diversityofessentialoilsandtherespectivehydrolatesobtainedfromthreeipinuscembraipopulationsintheaustrianalps AT stefansinger diversityofessentialoilsandtherespectivehydrolatesobtainedfromthreeipinuscembraipopulationsintheaustrianalps AT johannesnovak diversityofessentialoilsandtherespectivehydrolatesobtainedfromthreeipinuscembraipopulationsintheaustrianalps |
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