Regulation of Host Immune Responses against Influenza A Virus Infection by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs)
Influenza is a major respiratory viral disease caused by infections from the influenza A virus (IAV) that persists across various seasonal outbreaks globally each year. Host immune response is a key factor determining disease severity of influenza infection, presenting an attractive target for the d...
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doaj-761dca6be86a48bda86e9824d2f4bf932020-11-25T03:16:34ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072020-07-0181067106710.3390/microorganisms8071067Regulation of Host Immune Responses against Influenza A Virus Infection by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs)Jiabo Yu0Xiang Sun1Jian Yi Gerald Goie2Yongliang Zhang3Integrative Biomedical Sciences Programme, University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, International Campus Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, ChinaIntegrative Biomedical Sciences Programme, University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, International Campus Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, SingaporeDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, SingaporeInfluenza is a major respiratory viral disease caused by infections from the influenza A virus (IAV) that persists across various seasonal outbreaks globally each year. Host immune response is a key factor determining disease severity of influenza infection, presenting an attractive target for the development of novel therapies for treatments. Among the multiple signal transduction pathways regulating the host immune activation and function in response to IAV infections, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are important signalling axes, downstream of various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), activated by IAVs that regulate various cellular processes in immune cells of both innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, aberrant MAPK activation underpins overexuberant production of inflammatory mediators, promoting the development of the “cytokine storm”, a characteristic of severe respiratory viral diseases. Therefore, elucidation of the regulatory roles of MAPK in immune responses against IAVs is not only essential for understanding the pathogenesis of severe influenza, but also critical for developing MAPK-dependent therapies for treatment of respiratory viral diseases. In this review, we will summarise the current understanding of MAPK functions in both innate and adaptive immune response against IAVs and discuss their contributions towards the cytokine storm caused by highly pathogenic influenza viruses.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/1067influenzaMAPKrespiratory viral diseasespattern recognition receptorsinflammatory cytokinesinnate immunity |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jiabo Yu Xiang Sun Jian Yi Gerald Goie Yongliang Zhang |
spellingShingle |
Jiabo Yu Xiang Sun Jian Yi Gerald Goie Yongliang Zhang Regulation of Host Immune Responses against Influenza A Virus Infection by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) Microorganisms influenza MAPK respiratory viral diseases pattern recognition receptors inflammatory cytokines innate immunity |
author_facet |
Jiabo Yu Xiang Sun Jian Yi Gerald Goie Yongliang Zhang |
author_sort |
Jiabo Yu |
title |
Regulation of Host Immune Responses against Influenza A Virus Infection by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) |
title_short |
Regulation of Host Immune Responses against Influenza A Virus Infection by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) |
title_full |
Regulation of Host Immune Responses against Influenza A Virus Infection by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) |
title_fullStr |
Regulation of Host Immune Responses against Influenza A Virus Infection by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Regulation of Host Immune Responses against Influenza A Virus Infection by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) |
title_sort |
regulation of host immune responses against influenza a virus infection by mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Microorganisms |
issn |
2076-2607 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Influenza is a major respiratory viral disease caused by infections from the influenza A virus (IAV) that persists across various seasonal outbreaks globally each year. Host immune response is a key factor determining disease severity of influenza infection, presenting an attractive target for the development of novel therapies for treatments. Among the multiple signal transduction pathways regulating the host immune activation and function in response to IAV infections, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are important signalling axes, downstream of various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), activated by IAVs that regulate various cellular processes in immune cells of both innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, aberrant MAPK activation underpins overexuberant production of inflammatory mediators, promoting the development of the “cytokine storm”, a characteristic of severe respiratory viral diseases. Therefore, elucidation of the regulatory roles of MAPK in immune responses against IAVs is not only essential for understanding the pathogenesis of severe influenza, but also critical for developing MAPK-dependent therapies for treatment of respiratory viral diseases. In this review, we will summarise the current understanding of MAPK functions in both innate and adaptive immune response against IAVs and discuss their contributions towards the cytokine storm caused by highly pathogenic influenza viruses. |
topic |
influenza MAPK respiratory viral diseases pattern recognition receptors inflammatory cytokines innate immunity |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/1067 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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