Organizational and social work environment factors, occupational balance and no or negligible stress symptoms among Swedish principals – a cross-sectional study
Abstract Background Few studies have assessed the mental health of principals, or studied associations with both organizational and social work environment factors and occupational balance. The purpose of the present study was therefore to investigate associations between supporting and demanding or...
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doaj-7652956c49124b15ada697dbb084582a2021-05-02T11:04:38ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582021-04-012111910.1186/s12889-021-10809-6Organizational and social work environment factors, occupational balance and no or negligible stress symptoms among Swedish principals – a cross-sectional studyCarita Håkansson0Ulf Leo1Anna Oudin2Inger Arvidsson3Kerstin Nilsson4Kai Österberg5Roger Persson6Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund UniversityCentre for Principal Development, Umeå UniversityDivision of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund UniversityDivision of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund UniversityDivision of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Lund UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Lund UniversityAbstract Background Few studies have assessed the mental health of principals, or studied associations with both organizational and social work environment factors and occupational balance. The purpose of the present study was therefore to investigate associations between supporting and demanding organizational and social work environment factors, occupational balance and stress symptoms in principals. Methods A total of 4309 surveys (2316 from the first round, 1992 from the second round), representing 2781 Swedish principals who had responded to at least one of two surveys, were included in the present study. The surveys include questions about socio-demographic factors, occupational balance, overtime work, and supporting and demanding organizational and social work environment factors, as well as questions about personal stress and exhaustion. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models were used to specify a repeated measures model with a dichotomous outcome (binary logistic regression) and multiple independent factors. Data from two surveys were combined, taking into account dependent observations due to the fact that many study subjects had participated in both surveys. Results Associations were found between occupational balance (Q1: OR 2.52, 95% CI 2.03–3.15; Q2: OR 4.95, 95% CI 3.86–6.35; Q3: OR 9.29, 95% CI 6.99–12.34), overtime work (Once a week: OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.10–2.08; Sometimes a week: OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03–1.66), supportive private life (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.36–1.66), supportive colleagues at the leadership level (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.14–1.36), supportive management (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07–1.28) and no or negligible stress symptoms. In addition, role demands (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.83), having a container function (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.64–0.82), collaboration with employees (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66–0.89), role conflicts (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.66–0.89) and having a buffer function (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.97) were associated with lower likelihood to rate no or negligible stress symptoms. Conclusions The occupational balance of principals is strongly associated with no or negligible stress symptoms, and thus is a promising venue for promoting well-being. Improvements should be made to several factors in the organizational and social work environments to improve principals’ chances of having occupational balance, and therefore better mental health.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10809-6Gothenburg Manager Stress InventoryLund University Checklist for Incipient ExhaustionMental healthPsychosocial work environmentSchool leadersWork-life balance |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Carita Håkansson Ulf Leo Anna Oudin Inger Arvidsson Kerstin Nilsson Kai Österberg Roger Persson |
spellingShingle |
Carita Håkansson Ulf Leo Anna Oudin Inger Arvidsson Kerstin Nilsson Kai Österberg Roger Persson Organizational and social work environment factors, occupational balance and no or negligible stress symptoms among Swedish principals – a cross-sectional study BMC Public Health Gothenburg Manager Stress Inventory Lund University Checklist for Incipient Exhaustion Mental health Psychosocial work environment School leaders Work-life balance |
author_facet |
Carita Håkansson Ulf Leo Anna Oudin Inger Arvidsson Kerstin Nilsson Kai Österberg Roger Persson |
author_sort |
Carita Håkansson |
title |
Organizational and social work environment factors, occupational balance and no or negligible stress symptoms among Swedish principals – a cross-sectional study |
title_short |
Organizational and social work environment factors, occupational balance and no or negligible stress symptoms among Swedish principals – a cross-sectional study |
title_full |
Organizational and social work environment factors, occupational balance and no or negligible stress symptoms among Swedish principals – a cross-sectional study |
title_fullStr |
Organizational and social work environment factors, occupational balance and no or negligible stress symptoms among Swedish principals – a cross-sectional study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Organizational and social work environment factors, occupational balance and no or negligible stress symptoms among Swedish principals – a cross-sectional study |
title_sort |
organizational and social work environment factors, occupational balance and no or negligible stress symptoms among swedish principals – a cross-sectional study |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Public Health |
issn |
1471-2458 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Few studies have assessed the mental health of principals, or studied associations with both organizational and social work environment factors and occupational balance. The purpose of the present study was therefore to investigate associations between supporting and demanding organizational and social work environment factors, occupational balance and stress symptoms in principals. Methods A total of 4309 surveys (2316 from the first round, 1992 from the second round), representing 2781 Swedish principals who had responded to at least one of two surveys, were included in the present study. The surveys include questions about socio-demographic factors, occupational balance, overtime work, and supporting and demanding organizational and social work environment factors, as well as questions about personal stress and exhaustion. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models were used to specify a repeated measures model with a dichotomous outcome (binary logistic regression) and multiple independent factors. Data from two surveys were combined, taking into account dependent observations due to the fact that many study subjects had participated in both surveys. Results Associations were found between occupational balance (Q1: OR 2.52, 95% CI 2.03–3.15; Q2: OR 4.95, 95% CI 3.86–6.35; Q3: OR 9.29, 95% CI 6.99–12.34), overtime work (Once a week: OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.10–2.08; Sometimes a week: OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03–1.66), supportive private life (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.36–1.66), supportive colleagues at the leadership level (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.14–1.36), supportive management (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07–1.28) and no or negligible stress symptoms. In addition, role demands (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.83), having a container function (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.64–0.82), collaboration with employees (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66–0.89), role conflicts (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.66–0.89) and having a buffer function (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.97) were associated with lower likelihood to rate no or negligible stress symptoms. Conclusions The occupational balance of principals is strongly associated with no or negligible stress symptoms, and thus is a promising venue for promoting well-being. Improvements should be made to several factors in the organizational and social work environments to improve principals’ chances of having occupational balance, and therefore better mental health. |
topic |
Gothenburg Manager Stress Inventory Lund University Checklist for Incipient Exhaustion Mental health Psychosocial work environment School leaders Work-life balance |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10809-6 |
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