3D-Printed Gelatin Methacryloyl-Based Scaffolds with Potential Application in Tissue Engineering
The development of materials for 3D printing adapted for tissue engineering represents one of the main concerns nowadays. Our aim was to obtain suitable 3D-printed scaffolds based on methacrylated gelatin (GelMA). In this respect, three degrees of GelMA methacrylation, three different concentrations...
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doaj-76aa9e0e62564519966d36756ec14bfa2021-02-28T00:01:48ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-02-011372772710.3390/polym130507273D-Printed Gelatin Methacryloyl-Based Scaffolds with Potential Application in Tissue EngineeringRebeca Leu Alexa0Horia Iovu1Jana Ghitman2Andrada Serafim3Cristina Stavarache4Maria-Minodora Marin5Raluca Ianchis6Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, RomaniaAdvanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, RomaniaAdvanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, RomaniaAdvanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, RomaniaAdvanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, RomaniaAdvanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, RomaniaNational R-D Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM—Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th District, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, RomaniaThe development of materials for 3D printing adapted for tissue engineering represents one of the main concerns nowadays. Our aim was to obtain suitable 3D-printed scaffolds based on methacrylated gelatin (GelMA). In this respect, three degrees of GelMA methacrylation, three different concentrations of GelMA (10%, 20%, and 30%), and also two concentrations of photoinitiator (I-2959) (0.5% and 1%) were explored to develop proper GelMA hydrogel ink formulations to be used in the 3D printing process. Afterward, all these GelMA hydrogel-based inks/3D-printed scaffolds were characterized structurally, mechanically, and morphologically. The presence of methacryloyl groups bounded to the surface of GelMA was confirmed by FTIR and <sup>1</sup>H-NMR analyses. The methacrylation degree influenced the value of the isoelectric point that decreased with the GelMA methacrylation degree. A greater concentration of photoinitiator influenced the hydrophilicity of the polymer as proved using contact angle and swelling studies because of the new bonds resulting after the photocrosslinking stage. According to the mechanical tests, better mechanical properties were obtained in the presence of the 1% initiator. Circular dichroism analyses demonstrated that the secondary structure of gelatin remained unaffected during the methacrylation process, thus being suitable for biological applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/5/727biomaterialshydrogelsgelatinGelMA3D printingphotopolymerization |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Rebeca Leu Alexa Horia Iovu Jana Ghitman Andrada Serafim Cristina Stavarache Maria-Minodora Marin Raluca Ianchis |
spellingShingle |
Rebeca Leu Alexa Horia Iovu Jana Ghitman Andrada Serafim Cristina Stavarache Maria-Minodora Marin Raluca Ianchis 3D-Printed Gelatin Methacryloyl-Based Scaffolds with Potential Application in Tissue Engineering Polymers biomaterials hydrogels gelatin GelMA 3D printing photopolymerization |
author_facet |
Rebeca Leu Alexa Horia Iovu Jana Ghitman Andrada Serafim Cristina Stavarache Maria-Minodora Marin Raluca Ianchis |
author_sort |
Rebeca Leu Alexa |
title |
3D-Printed Gelatin Methacryloyl-Based Scaffolds with Potential Application in Tissue Engineering |
title_short |
3D-Printed Gelatin Methacryloyl-Based Scaffolds with Potential Application in Tissue Engineering |
title_full |
3D-Printed Gelatin Methacryloyl-Based Scaffolds with Potential Application in Tissue Engineering |
title_fullStr |
3D-Printed Gelatin Methacryloyl-Based Scaffolds with Potential Application in Tissue Engineering |
title_full_unstemmed |
3D-Printed Gelatin Methacryloyl-Based Scaffolds with Potential Application in Tissue Engineering |
title_sort |
3d-printed gelatin methacryloyl-based scaffolds with potential application in tissue engineering |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
The development of materials for 3D printing adapted for tissue engineering represents one of the main concerns nowadays. Our aim was to obtain suitable 3D-printed scaffolds based on methacrylated gelatin (GelMA). In this respect, three degrees of GelMA methacrylation, three different concentrations of GelMA (10%, 20%, and 30%), and also two concentrations of photoinitiator (I-2959) (0.5% and 1%) were explored to develop proper GelMA hydrogel ink formulations to be used in the 3D printing process. Afterward, all these GelMA hydrogel-based inks/3D-printed scaffolds were characterized structurally, mechanically, and morphologically. The presence of methacryloyl groups bounded to the surface of GelMA was confirmed by FTIR and <sup>1</sup>H-NMR analyses. The methacrylation degree influenced the value of the isoelectric point that decreased with the GelMA methacrylation degree. A greater concentration of photoinitiator influenced the hydrophilicity of the polymer as proved using contact angle and swelling studies because of the new bonds resulting after the photocrosslinking stage. According to the mechanical tests, better mechanical properties were obtained in the presence of the 1% initiator. Circular dichroism analyses demonstrated that the secondary structure of gelatin remained unaffected during the methacrylation process, thus being suitable for biological applications. |
topic |
biomaterials hydrogels gelatin GelMA 3D printing photopolymerization |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/5/727 |
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